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AP Biology

chapter thirteen-intro to meiosis

QuestionAnswer
Heredity The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
variation Differences between members of the same species
genetics The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
asexual reproduction A type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts.
Sexual reproduction A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the two parents.
somatic cell Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell
gamete A haploid cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
sex chromosomes One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an individual
Homologous chromosomes Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother.
haploid cell A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
diploid cell A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
zygote The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg.
Alternation of generations A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
sporophyte In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
gametophyte In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
tetrad A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids. Tetrads form during prophase I of meiosis.
Synapsis The pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
crossing over The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
chiasma (plural, chiasmata) The X-shaped, microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
clone (1) A lineage of genetically identical individuals or cells. (2) In popular usage, a single individual organism that is genetically identical to another individual. (3) As a verb, to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell. See also gen
Created by: swimifishi
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