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Environ. Science
Population Growth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What question should we ask ourselves? | Can the earth sustain so many people? |
| How can population changes be calculated? | (births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration) |
| What is crude birth rate? | The number of live births per 1000 persons in a given year. |
| How can death rates decline? | Increased food supplies and improved sanitation & hygiene |
| What can decrease the likelihood of a couple having a child? | Women have many opportunities to participate in the work force |
| What is replacement-level fertility? | The nuber of children a couple must bear to replace themselves |
| Can we know that the world is overpopulated? | No |
| What are the major factors for rapid population growth? | -Migration from one area to another -Control of infectious disease -Modern use of agriculture |
| The actual average replacement-level fertility for the whole world is slightly higher than...... | 2 children per couple |
| What happens as women get access to education and jobs? | Fewer children were needed. |
| What increased life expectancy? | Increased food supplies and medical care |
| What is a contraceptive | Birth control |
| Why do families have more children in rural areas? | Children work in labor forces to support the families. |
| What happens to biodiversity if we alter nature to meet our needs? | It will reduce. |
| What happens to net primary productivity if we alter nature to meet our needs? | It will decrease because more people are using it for food and other things. |
| What happens to pest species and bacteria if we alter nature to meet our needs? | They will become genetically resistant to the change. |
| What happens to natural predators if we alter nature to meet our needs? | More of them will die off. |
| What happens to invasive species if we alter nature to meet our needs? | They can easily enter the communities and harm them. |
| As one of the factors of natural capital degradation, we use renewable resources faster than... | They are replenished |
| Another factor of natural capital degradation, we interfere with .... | chemical cycling and energy flow processes on earth |
| What do we usually rely on (another factor of natural capital degradation)? | Polluting and climate-changing fossil fuels |
| Which 3 countries has the greatest population in the world? | China, India, and the United States |
| What is total fertility rate? | Number of births per 1000 women |
| What happened to the population in the United States? | It is growing slowly and its total fertility rate is dropping. |
| Which period is total fertility rate the highest in America? | Baby boom (1946-1964) |
| What happens to birth rate in urban areas, like New York City? | Number of births decrease |
| What other factors increase life expectancy? | Medical advances and better sanitation |
| What cause high infant mortality rate in the United States? | -Inadequate health care for poor women during pregancy and their infants -Drug addiction among pregnant women -High birth rate among teenagers |
| How does migration affects population? | -Economic improvement -Religious freedom -Political freedom -War -Environmental refugees |
| What are the three stages of reproduction? | Prereproductive ages, Reproductive ages, and Post-Reproductive ages |
| If the prereproductive stage in one country is higher than other two stages, country's population is .... | Growing |
| If all three stages are the same, the country's population is..... | Stable |
| If the postreproduction ages is higher than other two stages in the country, that country's population is..... | Declining |
| Which country has higher birth rates (developed or developing countries)? | Developing countries |
| What happens of there is more older people in the country... | The country's population is declining, and its economic growth is threatened |
| What are some problems with declining population? | -Less government revenues -Less entrepeneurship -Less technology development -Labor shortages |
| With declining population, public deficit will.. | Increase for funding higher pension and health-care costs. |
| What are the stages of demographic transition in order? | Preindustrial, Transitional, Industrial, and Postindustrial |
| In PREINDUSTRIAL stage, | Population grows slowly due to high birth rate and high death rate. |
| In TRANSITIONAL stage, | Population grows rapidly when birth rate remains high and death rate drops due to better food production and health |
| In INDUSTRIAL stage, | Population grows slowly when birth and death rate drops due to improved food production, health, and education. |
| In POSTINDUSTRIAL stage, | Population growth levels off and declines as birth rate equals and then falls below death rate. |
| How can population growth be stabilized? | -Invest in family planning -Reduce poverty -Elevate the social and economic status of women |
| What does China's One-Child Policy encourages..... | Fewer children |
| What is the effect of China's One-Child Policy? | Gender imbalance (There is more male in China) |
| How is India's population stabilized? | -Poverty -Malnutrition -Environmental problems -Population control: gender bias |
| What is gender bias? | Unequal treatment in employment opportunities and expectations due to attitudes on different sex |
| What is pension? | Payment to workers after they retire |
| Does migration affects HUMAN population? | No |
| What are countries that has rapidly growing population? | Nigeria, Guatemala, and Saudi Arabia |
| What are countries that has declining population? | Germany, Bulgaria, and Russia |
| What is an ecological footprint? | Measure of human demand on Earth's ecosystem |
Created by:
U0105006
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