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Science test dec 512
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| weathering | natural process that causes rocks to break down |
| ice wedging | the freezing and thawing cycle that breaks rocks apart |
| exert pressure on rocks | plant roots and burrowing animals |
| chemical weathering | when the chemical composition of rock changes |
| carbonic acid | from water and carbon dioxide, react chemically with many rocks |
| tannic acid | formed from a plants release of tannin, dissolves some rock materials |
| oxidation | oxygen can cause rocks containing iron to rust |
| soil | mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that supports the growth of plant life |
| parent rock | affects what kind of soil develops |
| topography | influences soil development |
| the climate | in tropical regions increases the rate of weathering forming soil more quickly than in deserts |
| rocks take time | perhaps thousands of years, to weather into soil |
| plant materials | affect soil development |
| erosion | wearing away and removal of rock; occurs because of gravity,ice,wind and water |
| mass movement | gravity pulls rock or sediment down slopes |
| creep | sediments move down slowly |
| slump | rock or sediment moves downhill along a curved slump |
| rock slide | rock layers break loose and slide downhill |
| mudfloq | mass of wet sediment that flows downhill over the ground surface |
| ice | forms continental and valley glaciers |
| glacial erosion | can occur as glaciers remove loose pieces of rock or as dragged rock scratches rock underneath the glacier |
| glaciers can form | cirques and steep peaks in mountain, create lakes, or totally move rock from the surface |
| sediment | something that glaciers deposit |
| till | a mixture of different sized particles ranging from clay to boulders, is deposited directly from the bottom of the glacier |
| outwash | includes sand and gravel deposits moved by rivers from melting glaciers |
| deflation | process that windblown small particles from earths surface |
| abrasion | forms pits in rocks or polishes surfaces smooth as sediments are blown by strong winds |
| sand dunes | form as the wind is flowed as it blows around irregular features such as rock or vegetation and deposits the sediment it carried |
| loess | or fine slit, often collects downwind of large deserts or near glacial streams |
| runoff | water flowing on earths surface causes erosion |
| sheet flow | when water flows downhill as a thin sheet often carrying loose sediment grains |
| rills | and gullies are channels cut into earths surface and are formed as runoff carries sediments along |
| streams have water flowing through them continuelessly | they eventually flow into the ocean or a large lake |
| moving | water in streams is the most important agent of erosion; streams shape more of earths surface than ice, wind, or gravity |
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