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Biology 3.4
module 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alveoli | Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. |
| bronchi | One of the two major divisions of the trachea leading to the lungs |
| bronchioles | Smaller air passages in the lungs that begin at the bronchi and terminate in the alveoli |
| cilia | A short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid or an eyelash |
| diaphragm and ribs | Dome shaped horizontal sheet of muscle and connective tissue that divides the thoraic cavity from abs. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs |
| larynx | Cartilaginous organ located between pharynx and trachea that contains the vocal cords, voice box |
| mucus | A slimy substance, typically not miscible with water, secreted by mucous membranes and glands for lubrication, protection, etc |
| nasal cavity | One of the two canals in the nose, seperated by a septum |
| pharynx | Portion of the digestive tract between the mouth and the esophagus that serves as a passageway for food and also air on its way to the trachea |
| pleural membranes | the body cavity that surrounds the lungs |
| respiration | A process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances. (breathing) |
| respiratory tract | The passage formed by the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs, through which air passes during breathing |
| thoracic cavity | chest cavity: the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart |
| trachea | Windpipe from the larynx to the bronchi; also tubes in insects that transport air to tissues |
| alveoli (plural) | air sac of lungs |
| aortic and carotid bodies | Structure located at the branching of the carotid arteries and that contain chemoreceptors sensitive to the hydrogen ion concentration but also the level of carbon dioxide and oxygen in blood |
| breathing | 1.The process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs. |
| carbon dioxide | 1.A colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis |
| diaphragm | Dome shaped horizontal sheet of muscle and connective tissue that divides the thoraic cavity from the abdominal cavity. also, a birth control device that fits over the cervix |
| exhalation | An expiration of air from the lungs |
| hydrogen ions | a positively charged atom of hydrogen; |
| inhalation | 1.The action of inhaling or breathing in |
| intercostal muscles | muscles between the ribs; they contract during inspiration |
| medulla oblongata | Part of the brain stem that is continuous with the spinal cord; controls heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing, and other vital functions |
| oxygen | 1.A colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. Oxygen forms about 20 percent of the earth's atmosphere |
| respiratory centre | Group of nerve cells in the medulla oblongata that send out nerve impulses on a rhythymic basis, resulting in involuntary inspiration on an ongoing outgoing basis |
| stretch receptors | 1.A sensory receptor that responds to the stretching of surrounding muscle tissue and so contributes to the coordination of muscle activity |
| thoracic cavity | the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart |
| alveoli (plural) | Air sac of lungs |
| bicarbonate ions | Ion that participates in buffering the blood, and the form in which carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream |
| capillaries | Microscopic vessel connecting arterioles to venules; exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid occur across their thin walls |
| carbaminohemoglobin | Hemoglobin carrying carbon dioxide |
| carbon dioxide | A colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is naturally present in air (about 0.03 percent) and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis |
| carbonic anhydrase | Enzyme in red blood cells that speeds the formation of carbonic acid from water and carbon dioxide |
| chemical equations for internal and external respiration | |
| external respiration | the interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of the lungs and the pulmonary blood |
| internal respiration | the interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the circulating blood and the cells of the body tissues |
| oxygen | A colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. Oxygen forms about 20 percent of the earth's atmosphere, and is the most abundant element in the earth's crust |
| oxyhemoglobin | Compound formed when oxygen combines with hemoglobin |
| pH | A figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid, and higher values more alkaline. |
| reduced hemoglobin | Hemoglobin that is carrying hydrogen ions |
| temperature | The degree of internal heat of a person's body |
Created by:
marianastrenchluvr
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