a double layer of phospholipids.

structures in the nucleus made of DNA and protein.

a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus made up of two phospholipid bilayers.

a denser area that is the site where DNA is concentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA.

organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplam.

tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate.

a system of membranous tubes and sacks, cisternae that functions mainly as an intercellular highway.

a system of flat, membranous sacs. vesicles from the ER containing new proteins or lipids are recieved by the sacks nearest to the nucleus. vesicles travel from one part of the golgi apparatus to the next and transport substances as they go.

vesicles that bud from the golgi apparatus and that contain digestive enzymes. the enzymes break down large molecules,such as proteins,nucleic acids,carbohydrates and phospholipids. lysosomes digest wornout organelles through a process called autophagy.

a network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol. the tubes and filaments give shape to the cell from the inside. the cytoskeleton also acts as a system of internal tracks on which items move around inside the cell.

long threads of the beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of a rope. mircofilaments contribute to cell movement.

short, numerous, hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement.

longer and less numerous hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement.

consist of two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. they occur only in animal cells, where they organize the microtubules of the cytoskeleton during cell division.

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4.3 Vocabulary

Terms for chapter four section three: Modern Biology

Question	Answer
phospholipid bilayer	a double layer of phospholipids.
chromosomes	structures in the nucleus made of DNA and protein.
nuclear envelope	a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus made up of two phospholipid bilayers.
nucleolus	a denser area that is the site where DNA is concentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA.
ribosomes	organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplam.
mitochondira	tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate.
endoplamic reticulum	a system of membranous tubes and sacks, cisternae that functions mainly as an intercellular highway.
golgi apparatus	a system of flat, membranous sacs. vesicles from the ER containing new proteins or lipids are recieved by the sacks nearest to the nucleus. vesicles travel from one part of the golgi apparatus to the next and transport substances as they go.
lysosomes	vesicles that bud from the golgi apparatus and that contain digestive enzymes. the enzymes break down large molecules,such as proteins,nucleic acids,carbohydrates and phospholipids. lysosomes digest wornout organelles through a process called autophagy.
cytoskeleton	a network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol. the tubes and filaments give shape to the cell from the inside. the cytoskeleton also acts as a system of internal tracks on which items move around inside the cell.
mircofilaments	long threads of the beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of a rope. mircofilaments contribute to cell movement.
cilla	short, numerous, hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement.
flagella	longer and less numerous hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement.
centrioles	consist of two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. they occur only in animal cells, where they organize the microtubules of the cytoskeleton during cell division.

Created by: DouglasI16

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