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Biology Semester 1
Semester 1 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| THE SCIENCE OF LIFE | BIOLOGY |
| ANY LIVING THING | ORGANISM |
| A GROUP OF ORGANISMS THAT CAN BREED WITH ONE ANOTHER | SPECIES |
| ANY INHERITED CHARACTERISTIC THAT RESULTS FROM CHANGES TO A SPECIES OVER TIME | ADAPTATION |
| THE REGULATION OF AN ORGANISM'S INTERNAL CONDITIONS TO MAINTAIN LIFE | HOMEOSTASIS |
| A DIRECT METHOD OF GATHERING INFORMATION IN AN ORDERLY WAY | OBSERVATION |
| LOGICAL CONCLUSIONS | INFERENCE |
| A TESTABLE EXPLANATION | HYPOTHESIS |
| THE GROUP EXPOSED TO THE FACTOR BEING CHANGED | EXPERIMENTAL GROUP |
| SOMETHING THAT REMAINS FIXED DURING AND EXPERIMENT | CONSTANT |
| INFORMATION GATHERED FROM OBSERVATIONS | DATA |
| LARGE MOLECULES THAT ARE FORMED BY JOINING SMALLER ORGANIC MOLECULES TOGETHER | MACROMOLECULES |
| MADE FROM REPEATING UNITS OF IDENTICAL OR NEARLY IDENTICAL COMPOUNDS CALLED MONOMERS | POLYMERS |
| COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN WITH A RATIO OF 1 OXYGEN AND 2 HYDROGEN ATOMS FOR EACH CARBON ATOM | CARBOHYDRATES |
| MOLECULES MADE MOSTLY OR CARBON AND HYDROGEN | LIPIDS |
| MADE OF SMALL CARBON COMPOUNDS CALLED AMINO ACIDS | PROTEIN |
| MADE FROM CARBON, NITROGEN, OXYGEN, HYDROGEN AND SOMETIMES SULFUR | AMINO ACIDS |
| COMPLEX MACROMOLECULES THAT CAN STORE AND TRANSMIT GENETIC INFORMATION | NUCLEIC ACIDS |
| A SUBSTANCE THAT LOWERS THE ACTIVATION ENERGY NEEDED TO START A CHEMICAL REACTION | CATALYST |
| SPEEDS UP THE RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE BODY | ENZYME |
| THE REACTANTS THAT BIND TO ENZYMES | SUBSTRATE |
| REPEATING SUB UNITS, COMPOSED OF CARBON, NITROGEN, OXYGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND HYDROGEN | NUCLEOTIDES |
| THE SPECIFIC LOCATION WHERE A SUBSTRATE BINDS ON AN ENZYME | ACTIVE SITE |
| THE STUDY OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT | ECOLOGY |
| THE PORTION OF THE EARTH THAT SUPPORTS LIFE | BIOSPHERE |
| ALL THE LIVING FACTORS IN AN ORGANISM'S ENVIRONMENT | BIOTIC FACTOR |
| NONLIVING FACTORS IN AN ORGANISM'S ENVIRONMENT | ABIOTIC FACTOR |
| A LARGE GROUP OF ECOSYSTEMS THAT SHARE THE SAME CLIMATE AND HAVE SIMILAR TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES | BIOME |
| WHERE AN ORGANISM LIVES | HABITAT |
| THE ROLE AN ORGANISM PLAYS IN ITS ENVIRONMENT | NICHE |
| A RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM BENEFITS AND ANOTHER IS HARMED | PARASITISM |
| A GROUP OF INTERACTING POPULATIONS THAT OCCUPY THE SAME AREA AT THE SAME TIME | COMMUNITY |
| ANY ABIOTIC FACTOR THAT RESTRICTS THE NUMBERS, REPRODUCTION, OR DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISMS | LIMITING FACTOR |
| THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A COMMUNITY IN AN AREA OF BARE ROCK THAT DOES NOT HAVE TOPSOIL | PRIMARY SUCCESSION |
| A STABLE, MATURE COMMUNITY IN WHICH THERE IS LITTLE CHANGE IN THE NUMBER OF SPECIES | CLIMAX COMMUNITY |
| THE ORDERLY AND PREDICTABLE CHANGE THAT TAKES PLACE AFTER A COMMUNITY OF ORGANISMS HAS BEEN REMOVED BUT THE SOIL REMAINS | SECONDARY SUCCESSION |
| THE NUMBER OF ORGANISMS PER UNIT AREA | POPULATION DENSITY |
| ANY FACTOR IN THE ENVIRONMENT THAT DOES NOT DEPEND ON POPULATION DENSITY | DENSITY INDEPENDENT FACTOR |
| ANY FACTOR IN THE ENVIRONMENT THAT DEPENDS ON POPULATION DENSITY | DENSITY DEPENDENT FACTOR |
| THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS MOVING AWAY FROM THE POPULATION | EMMIGRATION |
| THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS MOVING INTO A POPULATION | IMMIGRATION |
| THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IN A SPECIES THAT AN ENVIRONMENT CAN SUPPORT LONG TERM | CARRYING CAPACITY |
| AN ORGANISM THAT CAPTURES ENERGY FROM THE SUNLIGHT OR INORGANIC SUBSTANCES TO PRODUCE FOOD | AUTOTROPH |
| ALSO CALLED A CONSUMER, AN ORGANISM THAT OBTAINS ENERGY BY CONSUMING OTHER ORGANISMS | HETEROTROPH |
| HETEROTROPH THAT CONSUMES ONLY PLANTS | HERBIVORE |
| HETEROTROPHS THAT PREY ON OTHER HETEROTROPHS | CARNIVORE |
| THEY DECOMPOSE ORGANIC MATERIALS IN AN ECOSYSTEM AND RETURN THE NUTRIENTS TO THE SOIL | DETRIVORE |
| A RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM IS HELPED AND THE OTHER ORGANISM IS NOT HARMED OR HELPED | COMMENSALISM |
| A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO SPECIES THAT LIVE TOGETHER AND BENEFIT FROM EACH OTHER | MUTUALISM |
| TOTAL NUMBER OF LIVING MATTER AT EACH TROPIC LEVEL, CAN ALSO BE MODELED IN A ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID | BIOMASS |
| THE BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF LIFE | CELL |
| ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE MADE OF ONE OR MORE CELLS.THE CELL IS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE. ALL CELLS COME FROM PRE- EXISTING CELLS. | CELL THEORY |
| SIMPLE CELLS THAT HAVE NO SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES | PROKARYOTIC CELLS |
| CONTAIN A NUCLEUS AND OTHER STRUCTURES CALLED ORGANELLES | EUKARYOTIC CELLS |
| CONTAINS GENETIC MATERIAL | NUCLEUS |
| A BOUNDARY THAT HELPS CONTROL WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL | PLASMA MEMBRANE |
| ALLOWS SOME SUBSTANCES TO PASS THROUGH WHILE KEEPING OTHERS OUT | SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY |
| ALLOWS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE TO SURVIVE AND FUNCTION IN ITS WATERY ENVIRONMENT | PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER |
| MOVE NEEDED SUBSTANCES OR WASTE MATERIAL THROUGH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE | TRANSPORT PROTEINS |
| SEMIFLUID MATERIAL INSIDE THE PLASMA MEMBRANE | CYTOPLASM |
| A NETWORK OF LONG THIN PROTEIN FIBERS THAT PROVIDE AN ANCHOR FOR ORGANELLES INSIDE THE CELL | CYTOSKELETON |
| MODIFIES, SORTS AND PACKS THE PROTEIN INTO SACS CALLED VESICLES | GOLGI APPARATUS |
| PRODUCE PROTEINS | RIBOSOMES |
| ACTS AS TEMPORARY STORAGE FOR MATERIALS IN THE CYTOPLASM | VACUOLES |
| VESICLES THAT CONTAIN SUBSTANCES THAT DIGEST EXCESS OR WORN OUT ORGANELLES AND FOOD PARTICLES | LYSOSOMES |
| ORGANELLES MADE OF MICROTUBULES THAT FUNCTION DURING CELL DIVISION | CENTRIOLES |
| ORGANELLES THAT CAPTURE LIGHT ENERGY AND CONVERT IT TO CHEMICAL ENERGY THROUGH A PROCESS CALLED PHOTOSYNTHESIS | CHLOROPLASTS |
| A MESH OF FIBERS THAT SURROUNDS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE | CELL WALL |
| SHORT PROJECTIONS THAT LOOK LIKE HAIRS | CILIA |
| ORGANELLES THAT CONVERT FUEL PARTICLES SUCH AS SUGARS INTO USABLE ENERGY | MITOCHONDRIA |
| MEMBRANE SYSTEM OF FOLDED SACS AND CHANNELS TO WHICH RIBOSOMES ATTACH | ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM |
| STRUCTURE LOCATED INSIDE THE NUCLEUS | NUCLEOLUS |
| THE CELL NUCLEUS DIVIDES AND THE CHROMOSOMES SEPARATE INTO THE TWO NUCLEI | MITOSIS |
| THE CELL GROWS IN SIZE, PERFORMS NORMAL FUNCTIONS AND COPIES DNA | INTERPHASE |
| THE CYTOPLASM OF THE CELL DIVIDES FORMING TWO DAUGHTER CELLS | CYTOKINESIS |
| STRUCTURES IN THE NUCLEUS THAT CONTAIN DNA | CHROMOSOME |
| THE RELAXED OR UNWOUND FROM OF DNA AND PROTEINS IN THE NUCLEUS | CHROMATIN |
| THE FIRST AND LONGEST STAGE IN MITOSIS. CROMATIN BECOMES TIGHTLY WOULD OR CONDENSES INTO CHROMOSOMES | PROPHASE |
| ENSURES THAT A COMPLETE COPY OF THE DNA BECOMES PART OF THE DAUGHTER CELL AT THE END OF THE CYCLE | CENTROMERE |
| THE 2ND STAGE OF MITOSIS. CHROMATIDS ARE PULLED BY MOTOR PROTEINS ALONG THE SPINDLE APPARATUS TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE CELL. THE CHROMATIDS LINE UP IN THE MIDDLE. IF SUCCESSFUL, EACH DAUGHTER CELL WILL HAVE A COPY OF EACH CHROMOSOME | METAPHASE |
| CHROMATIDS ARE PULLED APART. MICROTUBULES OF THE SPINDLE APPARATUS BEGIN TO SHORTEN AND PULL AT THE CENTROMEREOF EACH SISTER CHROMATIDTO SEPARATE INTO 2 IDENTICAL CHROMOSOMES. MICROTUBLES MOVE EACH IDENTICAL CHROMOSOME TO THE POLES OF THE CELL | ANAPHASE |
| THE FINAL STAGE OF MITOSIS.CHROMOSOMES BEGIN TO ARRIVE AT THE POLES AND RELAX CHANGING BACK INTO CHROMATIN. 2 NUCLEAR MEMBRANES BEGIN TO FROM AROUND EACH SET OF CHROMOSOMES, THE NUCLEOLI REAPPEAR AND THE SPINDLE APPARATUS IS TAKEN APART | TELOPHASE |
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shona1241
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