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Cell Div. & Mitosis
Cell division and mitosis.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do cells divide? | -for growth and development -to replace old/dead cells -for reproduction purposes -because they can't stopp |
| Uncontrolled cellular growth can lead to: | Cancer |
| How do prokaryotic organisms reproduce? | By binary fission (asexual reproduction) |
| Which types of cells don't divide? | Blood cells, brain cells, nerve cells, and cardiac cells |
| Why do they not divide? | These types of cells are highly specialized, meaning it is difficult to regenerate them. |
| Define:chromosome | -coiled-up/condensed DNA |
| Define:chromatid | -half of a chromosome |
| ___ chromatids = ___ chromosome | 2; 1 |
| Define:sister chromatids | -matching pair that make up chromosome |
| Define:centromere | -region that joins sister chromatids |
| Define:chromatin | -uncondensed DNA; tangled up DNA and proteins that will eventually make up a chromosome |
| Define:homologous chromosomes | -cells similar in size, shape, and genetic content |
| Define:haploid | -contains 1 set of chromosomes (not in pairs) |
| Define:diploid | -contains 2 sets of chromosomes (in pairs) |
| Define:zygote | -fertilized egg (both egg and sperm) -diploid cell |
| Define:gamete | -individual sex cell (eggs in females, sperm in males) -haploid cell |
| Define:somatic cell | -all the cells in your body, except gametes -all diploids |
| Name the phases in the cell cycle. | G1, S, G2, M, C |
| G1 | -1st growth phase -carries out normal/routine functions -most of cell's life spent in G1 |
| S | -DNA synthesis phase -copying DNA -chromatids change to chromosomes |
| G2 | -2nd growth phase -cell growth and preparation for division -nucleus prepares to divide -microtubules assemble to aid in division |
| M | -mitosis phase -process of cell division -the nucleus divides, making 2 identical daughter cells |
| C | -cytokinesis phase -division of cytoplasm |
| G1 checkpoint | -decide whether or not cell will divide -based on health and size of cell -only occur if conditions are favorable -if okay, proteins will stimulate start of S phase |
| G2 checkpoint | -proteins check DNA replication -repair enzymes -check and fix DNA sequence -if okay, proteins trigger start of mitosis |
| M checkpoint | -signals end of mitosis -cytoplasm will split -cells return ton G1 |
| The phases of mitosis include: | -PMAT (pro, meta, ana, & telo) |
| Prophase | -longest stage of mitosis (G1 is longest in cell cycle) -nuclear membrane disappears -spindle fibers form -nucleolus disappears |
| Metaphase | -chromosomes line up at equator of cell -spindle fibers attach to centromere |
| Anaphase | -sister chromatids separate, moving to opposite poles -cell starts to elongate |
| Telophase | -nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappear -spindle fibers break down -2 daughter nuclei are formed |
| Cytokinesis | -after mitosis -cytoplasm splits -cell divides -different cytokinesis in plants and animals |
| Cytokinesis in animal cells | -cell is divided in half by a belt of protein threads |
| Cytokinesis in plant cells | -vesicles form together and form a cell plate, cutting down the middle of the cell -cell plate will eventually form cell wall |
| Animal cells contain _____, and plant cells do not. | Centrioles |
Created by:
mma129
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