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Bis 101
Lecture 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a transposon? | Mobile genetic elements that insert themselves into new places of the genome |
| What are the genetic consequences of transposons? | Mutation and alter regulation of a gene |
| What is an unstable phenotype? | A phenotype characterized by frequent revisions either somaticaly germinaly due to the interactions of transposable elements with the host |
| How does transposable elements affect corn kernels? | The D transposable element breaks away in the same place on the ninth chromosome everytime. While its there the plant is colorless, but when it leaves it forms dark pigments |
| What is transposase and what does it do? How? | Transposase is an activator that catalyzes the excision and integration of transposable elements. It does this by cutting on either side of Ac or Ds (TE's) and wrapping them in a loop. It then integrates the element into another target DNA. |
| Phenotypically what do transposable elements do? | They create patches of colorless pigment in the host like white hair in a human or white petals in a flower. |
| What is an IS element? | A bacterial insertion sequence. This is the simplest of the transposable elements. |
| What are the inverted repeats on either side of a bacterial insertion sequence and what do they do? | They code for transposase which enables the insertion of a transposon, which is the coding strand between the two repeated strands, into other fragments of DNA. |
| What is a composite transposon? | Coding genes that are bordered by two IS elements orientated in opposite directions that code for transposase. The IS elements in composite transposons can't transpose on their own. |
| What is a simple transposon? | A short set of sequences that are flanked by IR sequences (do not code for transposase). They make their own transposase to move around. |
| What is an R plasmid and why are they drug resistant? | An R plasmid is a ring of chromosomes that transposons can jump to and from. If a transposon is carying genes for drug resistance then the plasmid gets these benefits. |
| What are the steps to transposition? | Transposase cleaves the target sequence in a staggered cut. It then inserts the transposon into the cleavage site. Finally DNA polymerase and ligase fill the gap and glue it shut. This is called a target site duplication. |
| What are the two modes of transposition? | Replicative and conservative |
| What is the replicative mode of transposition? | The transposon replicates itself and inserts into the new sequence |
| What is the conservative mode of transposition? | There is no replicates and the transposon is excised from the plasmid or chromosome and inserted into the new site. |
| What are the two classes of eukaryote transposons? | Retrotransposons and DNA transposon |
| What is a retrotransposon? | Transposable elements that employ reverse transcriptase to transpose through an RNA intermediate. It is also similar to a retrovirus. |
| What is DNA transposons? | Elements that transpose by mechanisms similar to those in a a bacteria |
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