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Evo, class, Ns
Charles Darwin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pasteur | disproved the idea of abiogenesis (life can come from nonliving matter)he set up curved shaped flasks with broth that had been boiled- for a year the broth remained. - clear despite its exposure to air-- until he allowed the broth to come in contact with |
| ^^^^^continued^^^^^^ | the particles contained in the air. |
| Early atmosphere experiments | have proved that gases present at the time the earth was first made could have created orgnic molecules that eventually led to the formation of life on earth. |
| Sequence of organism evoolution on earth | -Anaerobic prokaryotic heterotrophs. -prokaryotic autotrophs (photosynthesis) -O2 produced by photosynthesis. -Aerobic prokaryotes. -Eukaryotes (have nucleus) -Multicellular organisms |
| Charles Darwin | based on his observations of organisms he concluded that organisms best suited to an ennvironment were best able to reproduce and therefore that type of organism began to make up most of the population- his idea was called Natural Selection |
| Variation | difference among individuals is necessary for nature to select the best suited traits. Tose variations must be heritable, and variations that lead to increased fitness will appear more often in future generations. |
| Evedince for evolution- -Fossils | patterns show that organisms that once lived on earth are no longer living and more advanced organisms appeared over time. -Relative dating- dating fossils by their position in rock |
| ^^^^^^^^^continued^^^^^^^^^^^ | -absolute dating- uses radioactive materials to place a more exact date on a fossil. |
| Biochemical similarities | DNA very similar in organisms that are more related. |
| Embryological similarities | embryos of many different types of organisms appear to be very similar. |
| Geographic isolation | animals such a birds who fly to islands or other places and adapt to the new environment- results in new species (speciation) |
| Current Evolution | the use of antibiotics and pesticides selects for antibiotic risistant (strong) bacteria and for pesticide resistant (strong) insects. therefore new antibiotics and new pesticides must be created. |
| ^^^^^^^^^^continued^^^^^^^^^^^ | resistance prevented by taking medications as directed and entirely. |
| Carolus linnaeus | developed a system to classify (place in groups) organisms that is still used today- he originally placed all organisms in 2 kingdoms- plants and animals. - as our knowledge of organisms increased so did the number of kingdoms. |
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^continued^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | - scientist group organisms based on telatedness that is determined by DNA. - There are levels of classification that every organism is placed in: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. |
| ^^^^^^^^^^continued^^^^^^^^^^^^^ | - the more levels of classifictation two organisms have in common the more related they are. |
| Kingdom | Animalia(human) Animalia(chimpanzee) Animalia (domestic cat) |
| Phylum | Chordata(Human) Chordata(chimpanzee) Chordata(domestic cat) |
| Kingdom | Animalia(human) Animalia(chimpanzee) Animalia (domestic cat) |
| Phylum | Chordata(Human) Chordata(chimpanzee) Chordata(domestic cat) |
| Class | Mammalia(human) Mammalia(chimpanzee) Mammalia(domestic cat) |
| Order | Primates(human) Primates(chimpanzee) Carnivora(domestic cat) |
| ^^^^^^continued^^^^^^^ | a human is more similar to a chimpanzee than a domestic cat. |
| Family | Hominidae(human) Hominidae(chimpanzee) Felidae(domestic cat) |
| ^^^^^^continued^^^^^^^ | a human is more similar to a chimpanzee than a domestic cat. |
| Bacteria-->Eubacteria and Archaebacteria | prokaryotic- unicellular, autotrophic and hererotrophic, asexual reproduction |
| Protista | Eukaryotic, single or multicellular autotrophic and heterotrophic, asexual and sexual reproduction |
| Fungi | eukaryotic, single or multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotes, asexual and sexual reproduction |
| plants | Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, with tissues, asexual and sexual reproduction |
| Animals | Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, with tissues and organs, sexual reproduction |
| Heterotrophic | obtains food by getting it from other organisms |
| autotrophic | perform photosynthesis- make their own food |
| Phylum annelida | earthworms, leeches (segmented body) |
| Phylum arthropoda | insects, spiders, crabs (jointed exoskeleton) |
| Phylum chordata | class mammalia |
| Transport | how organisms get what they need to their cells |
| excretion | how organisms get rid of waste and balance their fluids (water) |
| regulation | how organisms control body prcesses- hormones and nervous system |
| respirtation | exchange gases |
| nutrition | how organisms break down and absorb foods |
| reproduction | internal fertilization- occrs inside the body- on land |
| external fertilization | occurs outside the body - usually in water |
| Mosses | nonvascular (no water conducting tissue)- reproduce by spores |
| ferns | Vascular- reproduce by spores have swimming sperm |
| Gymnosperms | vascular- rproduce by naked seeds contained on cones |
| Angiosperms | vascular- reproduce by covered seeds formed in flowers - ovaries of flowers ripen into fruits- fruits aid in seed dispersal |
| Stomata | small structues on leaves that open and close to allow gases to exchange but prevent water loss |
| seeds | contain a protective covering and food for the plant embryo |
Created by:
ciroborja
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