Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio 1 CH 19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| why are viruses called obligated intracellular parasites? | b/c they cannot replicated outside of a host cell, must first enter a host cell and then take over, then it can copy itself |
| describe experiment that lead to discovery of viruses, and which virus was it? | -through experimental study with mosaic disease. -extracted and filtered sap from a tobacco plant ant was placed on a healthy plant. Healthy plant became infected |
| what are the molecular components of a virus? | nucleic acid enclosed in a protein capsid and sometimes a membranous envelope containing viral protein that helps virus enter cell |
| Capsids? | protein shell enclosing viral genome |
| viral envelope? | deprived from membranes of a host cell and contain host cell phospolipids and membrane protein. Also contain proteins of a viral origin |
| how do capsids vary between viruses? | may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or complex shape |
| what is the purpose of a capsid? | protectors for genome layer |
| describe general life cycle of a virus | -viral DNA -synthesized by host -used to synthesis viral protein -enzymes/caspids -packaged into new viruses -may be incorporated into host genome |
| virulence? | quantitive measure of disease causing ability |
| compare and contrast lytic and lysogenic cycles | lytic- phage productive cycle cumulates in death of a cell, kills host cell, allows replication of phage genome without destroying host |
| temperate phage? | capable of both modes of reproducing within bacterium |
| prophage? | viral DNA in integrated into bacterial chromosome |
| phage therapy? | therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacteria infections |
| bacteriophages? | harm host and also other beneficial bacteria in host which reduces chances of infections |
| how do prokaryotes defend themselves from viruses? | -enzymes called restriction enzymes that cut up foreign DNA. -natural selection -phage activity last, instad of loosing host cell, they coexist with them in a state called lysogeny. |
| how does a cell synthesizes protein? | enzymes, ribosomes, and small molecules of host cells |
| describe how a virus "hijacks" this process for viral reproduction | b/c there are many variations on simplest viral reproductive cycle |
| how is retrovirus different from a typical animal virus? | RNA animal virus with most complicated productive cycle. equipped with an enzyme called reverse transcriptase |
| provirus? | viral DNA that never leaves host genome |
| reverse transcript? | viruses equipped with RNA->DNA info flow |
| describe a possible scenario in which the first virus evolved | since only reproduce with cells, they probly evolved after the first cell appeared |
| descrive how the 6 classes of viruses are different | based on whatever composed of DNA or RNA -single strand RNA= further classified into 3 classes according to how RNA genome functions in host |
| how can animals act as a reservoirs for viruses | they carry diseases and when in contact with humans it can lead to epidemics and pandemics b/c many humans are around them |
| prion? | slow acting, virtually indestructible infectious proteins that cause brain disease in mammals |
Created by:
KAzetapi
Popular Biology sets