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Biology chp. 8

QuestionAnswer
What is the Chromosome structure ? The DNA is coiled around the protein found in the chromosome
A diploid is ? A cell that contains both set of chromosomes
What is a haploid ? A cell containg only one set of chromsome like a gamete
What are somatic cells ? Non sex cells
What are gamets ? Sex cells
How many autosomes do we have and what are they ? we have 22 and they are the chromosmes that dont say what our gender will be
What are the four types of mutations that chromsomes breaking can cause? Deletion, inverse,translocation, and duplication mutaion
Deletion mutaion -? When segment of the chromosome breaks off
Inversion mutaion -? is when the chromsome reattaches in reverse orentation
Translocation mutation - ? a piece of the chromosome attaches to a diffrent chromosome
Duplicaton mutaion- ? attaches to its homologus chromosome and causes a copy
What are the four nucletides in DNA ? Thymine- Adenie Guanine- cytosine
What holds the nucleotides together ? Hydrogen Bonds
What is the nuclotide form made up of ? a phosophat, dexoribose sugar and a nitrgen base
What is a gene ? A segment of DNA
What is the diffrence between a genotype and a phenotype ? A genotype are the properties which codes for the phenotype which is what we see
Where and when does replication take place ? on the nucleous in the S phase of Interphase
What is the Human genome Project ? used for improving the information and tools we have
What are the steps in Replocation ? 1.an enzyme unzips DNA into two new strands 2. free floatin nucleotides match up with the new strands 3.two identical strands are formed
What is it when a sperm and egg disjunction ? They seprate correctly
What is it when a sperm and egg non disjunction ? They do not seprate correctly
How does RNA differ from DNA ? Has uracil not thymine Has a ribose sugar not deoxoribose sugar Is single stranded
Where does transcrption take place ? In the nuclous
What are the steps in transcrption ? 1. Unwind DNA 2.one strand of RNA pairs up with one strand of DNA 3.RNA seprates out of DNA
What does the transcrption complex does ? recognies a gene and unwinds it
What are the 3 types of RNA does transcrption make ? Mesenger rna- Carries the message tht says what protein to make Transfer RNA- Brings amino acids to the ribosome Ribosomal RNA - makes the part of ribosome that makes proteins
What is the differnces in replication and transcrption ? Replication makes one copy and copys the whole DNA strand and transcrption makes many copies out of a gene
Where does translation take place ? Out side in the cytoplasma in the ribosomes
What is translation ? the process of converting mRNA into a polypeptide making a protein
What is a mutation ? a change in a organisms DNA
When can mutations happen ? In replication and only affects a single gene
What is point mutation ? when an incorrect nucleotide is put into a DNA molecule and changes the whole DNA
What is framshift mutaion / When a nucleotide is added or removed from the DNA sequence the reading frame is changed
What are some mutations in mieois ? Erros in crossing over in meiosis can cause in chromosomes with two copies of the same gene
What is the diffrence in a point and framshift mutaion ? The point only affects one codon but frameshift affects the whole reading frame
What happens if a codon is changed into a stop codon ? Transcrption will end in the wrong place but point mutaion that changes its last codon in a nucleotide will have no affect on the amin acid
What are some impacts on the resulting protein ? It might not affect its shape or function or might prevent the protein from function
What happens to mutation in body cells ? They can not be passed on to offspring
what are mutagens ? things in the enviroment that can change the DNA
what is one mutaion that can affect the phenotype ? point mutaion
Created by: BB2424
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