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Ch.22 for exam 5
Respiratory Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Streptococcal Pharyngitis | S.pyogenes, beta-hemolytic,streptokinase lyse fibrin clots,streptolysins enzymes cytotoxic to tissues, RBC and WBC, complication otitis media,Tx penicillin |
| Laryngitis | affects our ability to speak. This infection is caused by bacteria,such as Streptococcus Pneumoniae, or S.pyogenes, or viruses in combination |
| Tonsillitis | inflamed tonsils |
| Sinusitis | infected sinus with a heavy nasal discharge - they have a mucous membrane lining that is continuous with that of the nasal cavity - When a sinus becomes infected with an organism such as S. pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae |
| Epiglottis | inflammation of the epiglottis -the epiglottis is a flaplike structure of cartilage that prevents ingested material from entering the larynx |
| Epiglottitis | is caused by H.Influenzae |
| Scarlet fever | Spyogenes,erythrogenic toxin causes pinkish red ski rash,high fever,strawberry like tongue appearance.Self-limiting |
| otitis media | S.pneumoniae,frequent complication of common cold or upper respiratory infection |
| Common Cold | Viral , most prevalent disease in humans, 50% rhinovirus,20% coronavirus,symptoms, nasal secretion, congestion,sneezing.rhinovirus likes temp slightly below normal body temp.single virus can cause infection, antibiotics useless (virus) |
| Tuberculosis | Myobacterium tuberculosis, cell wall inundated with lipids, resistant to stresses; TX. streptomycin,antimycobacterials; Dx tuberculin skin test,(inffected individuals respond with cell mediated immunity,T cells ) |
| bacterial pneumonias | Streptococcus pneumoniae,usually named for portions of the lower resp.tract infected |
| pneumococcal pneumonia | bronchi and alveoli, high fever, breathing difficulty, chest pain, lungs have reddish appearance. lungs fill with fluid. rust colored sputum . |
| haemophilus influenza pneumonia | - H. influenza; common among patients with alcoholism, poor nutrition, cancer, diabetes; |
| mycoplasmal pneumonia | Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| viral pneumonia | can occur as complications of the flu, measles, chickenpox; hard to identify |
| influenza | influenzavirus; fever, chills, muscle aches; flu is ever changing due to antigenic shifts ( see slide 42); Tx, vaccine type A viruses responsible for major pandemics type B more geographically limited and milder |
| histoplasmosis | fungal infection, Histoplasma capsulatum; dimorphic yeastlike fungus, invades and multiplies in macrophages |
| pneumocystis pneumonia | Pneumocystis iiroveci; normally found in healthy lungs; becomes opportunistic with immunocompromised individuals, primary indicator of AIDS |
Created by:
apunkyb
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