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Plants: Cell + Struc
Plant cells and Plant Structure.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name 7 structures present in Plant Cells that are not present in Animal cells: | Chloroplasts, Cellulose Cell Wall, Permanent Vacuole, Amyloplasts, Tonoplast, Lamella, Plasmodmeta. |
| What is the cell wall made of? | Cellulose. |
| Cellulose and Starch are both polysaccharides, how is Cellulose different? | It is composed of the isomer B-Glucose (beta) with 1,4-Glycosidic Beta bonding. |
| Cellulose Cross linking: | The hydrogen bonds formed between the OH groups of one chain and the -O- from another chain. Gives high tensile strength to Cellulose. |
| Why does Cellulose have a very high tensile strength? | This is because Cellulose forms long, straight chains along side each other and form Hydrogen Bonds between the chains (cross Linking). |
| What are the structural differences between Starch and Cellulose? | Cellulose forms long, straight chains with Hydrogen bonds between chains, Starch coils and twists to form globular molecules which are compact and useful for storage. |
| Why can't animals use Cellulose as energy: | Many animals do not have the enzymes to break the 1-4 linkage in B-Glucose, some rely on bacteria to produce some enzymes. |
| How do the Properties of Starch and Cellulose make the appropriate for their roles? | Starch for storage, coils and compact to allow for alot of it in a small space. Cellulose used as Cell Wall in Plants etc, strong tensile strength to allow it to support because of Cross Linking. |
| Turgid: | Firm, usually used to describe plant cells. |
| Flaccid: | Floppy; Soft, used to describe a plant cell devoid of water. |
| Microfibrils: | The name given to many long, compact chains of Cellulose molecules into a structure. |
| What is the middle lamella? | It is the first layer to form between two cells after mitosis, it is made of pectin which comes from vesicles from the Golgi body. It acts as a glue to hold cells walls together. |
| How is the middle lamella formed? | The Golgi body will pinch off vesicles from itself filled with pectin and these will form up along the metaphase plate, the vesicles release their pectin content and this forms the middle lamella. |
| What happens after the middle lamella is formed? | The cells release cellulose to form the primary cell walls. Also, endoplasmic reticulum can get caught between the middle lamella and these will become the Plasmodesmata. |
| What is the Plasmodesmata? | It is a cytoplasmic transport system between plant cells formed from endoplasmic reticulum caught in the middle lamella during cytokinese. |
| How is the cell wall formed around the middle lamella? | Cellulose Microfibrils are deposited upon the middle lamella. Eventually more microfibrils are added to the primary cell wall, and eventually a mesh of microfibrils will form. |
| What is the primary cell wall made of? | Cellulose Microfibrils. |
| How does the secondary cell wall arise? | Further thickening of the cell wall with increasing amounts of cellulose microfibrils, with matrixies at alternate angles, causes the cell wall to become even more rigid. |
| How does a cell wall of a plant cell of a tree or large plant differ from that of a cell further inside? | The cell wall will have extra thickening and be impregnated with supporting molecules like Lignin to form wood or other very hard structures. |
| What are the molecules of cellulose know as? | Cellulose Microfibrils. |
| What are fibers? | Groups of cells whose cell walls have become so thick that the cell is mostly Cellulose Microfibrils. |
| Lignin occurs in: | Tree bark, thickened cell walls such as in the Xylem vessels. |
| What are the three sections of a Plant? | Root, Stem and Leaf. |
| Give the basic function of the Stem: | Support the plant, raise up leaves and transport water, inorganic and organic materials between the roots and the leaves. |
| Give the basic function of the Leaf: | To photosynthesise, produce energy. |
| Give the basic function of the Root system: | To absorb and take up water, to root the plant into the ground for support and to absorb Ions and nutrients from the soil. |
| What are the two types of Flowering plants: | Woody (tress and shrubs) and Herbaceous (Non-Woody).; |
| What are the two types of Mesophyll in plant leaf? | Palisade and Spongy Mesophyll. |
| What are the two types of transportation structures in a plant? | The Xylem and the Phloem. |
| What does the Xylem transport? | Inorganic Ions and Water. |
| What does the Phloem transport? | Organic nutrients. |
| How are molecules of cellulose held together into Microfibrils? | Hydrogen Bonds between the molecules, between the Hydrogen's of one molecule and the Oxygen of another. |
Created by:
mjwilson1988
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