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Chapter 15 B
biology 121
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the central dogma? | DNA->transcription->RNA->translation->Protein |
| What is a start codon? | the first codon of an mRNA transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine in eukaryotes and a modified Met (fMet) in prokaryotes. The most common start codon is AUG. |
| What is a stop codon? | a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation. Most common:UAG |
| What is a reading frame? | way of dividing the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) molecule into a set of consecutive, non-overlapping triplets |
| What are frameshift mutations? | a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides |
| What is the difference between a template strand and a coding strand? | the template strand (or noncoding strand), is used as a template for RNA synthesis; |
| What is a Messenger RNA? | is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression |
| What is the use of a promoter in the initiation of transcription? | a regulatory region of DNA usually located upstream of a gene, providing a control point for regulated gene transcription |
| What are transcription factors? | is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow (or transcription) of genetic information from DNA to mRNA |
| Describe the terminator sequence. | a section of genetic sequence that marks the end of gene or operon on genomic DNA for transcription. |
| What is a spliceosome? | a complex of snRNA and protein subunits that removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA (hnRNA) segment. This process is generally referred to as splicing. |
| Contrast introns and exons. | intron:nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing while the final mature RNA product of a gene is being generated.exon:sequence encoded by a gene that remains present |
| Name the 3 types of RNA. | messengerRNA, transferRNA, ribosomalRNA |
| What is the function of transferRNA? | small RNA chain of about 80 nucleotides that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation |
| What is the function of ribosomalRNA? | ribosomal RNA and protein combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome. The ribosome binds mRNA and carries out protein synthesis |
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kapoole
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