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Chapter 14 Bio

Biology 121

QuestionAnswer
Name the genetic base pairs. Adenine, Guanine, thymine, cytosine
What scientist used a certain type of bacteria that involved transformation within rats? also name the year. Frederick Griffiths 1928
Name the scientist(s) that conducted a model determining that DNA is the genetic material. also name the year. Avery, Macleod & McCarthy 1944
Name the scientist(S) as well as year, that studied viruses that infect bateria phages by using protein and DNA. Hershey and chase 1952
Give 4 charateristics to describe the structure of DNA. 5 carbon sugar, has Phosphate group, nitrogen containing base(adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine), held together by hydrogen bonds between each base pair
State Chargaff's Rule: A-C G-T
Name the scientist(s) and year, whom discovered the structure of DNA. Watson and Crick 1953
Name the scientist(S) and year whom conducted an experiment to find out how DNA replication occurs. Messelson and Stahl 1958
How does DNA replicate? Conservative, nonconservative, semiconservative
Name the 3 major stages of DNA replication. Initiation, elongation, termination
Describe what occurs in initiation of transcription. Polymerase III, binds and unwinds DNA, transcription begins
Describe what occurs in elongation of transcription. Base pairng occurs polymerase I, binds the new strands of mRNA
Describe what happens in termination of transcription. New mRNA is released
What is a replisome? a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA.
What is the duty of a Helicase? Also known as helix destabilizing enzyme. Unwinds the DNA double helix at the Replication Fork.
What function does topoisomerase give to DNA? Relaxes the DNA from its super-coiled nature.
What is the function of th eenzyme DNA gyrase? Relieves strain of unwinding by DNA helicase.
What is the function of the enzymes DNA polymerase? Builds a new duplex DNA strand by adding nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction. Also performs proof-reading and error correction.
What are okazaki fragments? and How does DNA ligase relate to them? fragments found on the lagging strand and enzyme comes in to fill in gaps
Compare and Contrast Leading and Lagging Strand The leading strand is the template strand of the DNA double helix so that the replication fork moves along it in the 3' to 5' direction The lagging strand is the strand of the template DNA double helix that is oriented so that moves 5' to 3'
In what direction does transcription occur? 5' to 3'
Created by: kapoole
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