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UP10 Chapter 17
Social Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social psychology | the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others |
| attitudes | evaluations of a particular person, behavior, belief, or concept |
| message source | the characteristics of a person that delivers a persuasive message known as an attitude communicator |
| characteristics of the message | not just who delivers the message but what the message is like that affects attitudes |
| characteristics of the target | once a communicator has delivered a message, characteristics of the target of the message may determine whether the message is accepted |
| cognitive dissonance | the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts |
| social cognition | the cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves |
| schemas | sets of cognitions about people and social experiences |
| impression formation | the process by which an individual organizes info about another person to form an overall impression |
| central traits | the major traits considered in forming impressions of others |
| attribution theory | the theory of personality that seeks to explain why we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the specific causes of that person's behavior are |
| situational causes (of behavior) | perceived causes of behavior that are based on environmental factors |
| dispositional causes (of behavior) | perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors |
| halo effect | a phenomenon i which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics |
| assumed-similarities bias | the tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself even when meeting them for the first time |
| self-serving bias | the tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skills,ability, or effort) and to attribute failure to factor outside oneself |
| fundamental attribution error | a tendency to overattribute others' behavior to dispositional causes and minimize of the importance of situational causes |
| collectivistic orientation | a worldview that promotes the notion of interdependence |
| individualist orientation | emphasizing on personal identity and the uniqueness of the individual |
| social influence | the process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others |
| groups | two or more people who interact with one another, perceive themselves as part of a group, and are interdependent |
| norms | expectations regarding behavior appropriate to the group |
| conformity | a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people |
| groupthink | a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view |
| social roles | the behaviors that are associated with people in a given position |
| compliance | behavior that occurs in response to direct social pressure |
| foot-in-the-door technique | small request that leads to a bigger request |
| door-in-the-face technique | large request made to get turned down and then ask for a smaller more reasonable request |
| that's-not-all technique | offering a deal at an inflated price |
| not-so-free sample | free sample to get you to buy the product later |
| obedience | a change in behavior in response to the commands of others |
| stereotype | a set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular group and its members |
| prejudice | a negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members |
| discrimination | behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | expectations about the occurrence of a future event or behavior that act to increase the likelihood the event or behavior will occur |
| proximity | the more time you spend with someone, the more likely you are to like them |
| exposure | becoming familiar with something or someone can evoke positive feelings |
| similarity | the more similar other are, the more we like them |
| physical attractiveness | beautiful equals good |
| passionate (or romantic) love | a state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another |
| companionate love | the strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved |
| decision/commitment | the initial thoughts that one loves someone and the longer-term feelings of commitment to maintain love |
| intimacy component | feelings of closeness and connectedness |
| passion component | the motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness, and romance |
| aggression | the intentional injury of, or harm to, another person |
| prosocial behavior | helping behavior |
| altruism | helping behavior that is beneficial to others but clearly requires self-sacrifice |
Created by:
lizhopper2
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