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Test6-chp 43,44,45
Chapter43,44,45 Urinary tract function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aldosterone: | hormone synthesized and released by the adrenal cortex; causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium |
| antidiuretic hormone: | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water; also called vasopressin |
| anuria: | total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 hours |
| bacteriuria: | bacteria in the urine; bacterial count higher than 100,000 colonies/mL |
| creatinine: | endogenous waste product of muscle energy metabolism |
| diuresis: | increased formation and secretion of urine |
| dysuria: | painful or difficult urination |
| frequency: | voiding more frequently than every 3 hours |
| glomerular filtration: | plasma filtered at the glomerulus into the kidney tubules |
| glomerulus: | tuft of capillaries forming part of the nephron through which filtration occurs |
| hematuria: | red blood cells in the urine |
| micturition: | urination or voiding |
| nephron: | structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation |
| nocturia: | awakening at night to urinate |
| oliguria: | total urine output less than 500 mL in 24 hours |
| proteinuria: | protein in the urine |
| pyuria: | white blood cells in the urine |
| renal clearance: | volume of plasma that the kidneys can clear of a specific solute (eg, creatinine); expressed in milliliters per minute |
| renal glycosuria: | recurring or persistent excretion of glucose in the urine |
| specific gravity: | reflects the weight of particles dissolved in the urine; expression of the degree of concentration of the urine |
| tubular reabsorption: | movement of a substance from the kidney tubule into the blood in the peritubular capillariesor vasa recta |
| tubular secretion: | movement of a substance from the blood in the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta into the kidney tubule |
| urea nitrogen: | nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism |
| acute nephritic syndrome: | type of renal failure with glomerular inflammation |
| acute renal failure: | sudden rapid deterioration of kidney function that is sometimes reversible |
| acute tubular necrosis: | type of acute renal failure in which there is actual damage to the kidney tubules |
| anuria: | total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 hours |
| arteriovenous fistula: | type of vascular access for dialysis ;created by surgically connecting an artery to a vein |
| arteriovenous graft: | type of surgically created vascular access for dialysis by which a piece of biologic,semibiologic, or synthetic graft material connects the patient’s artery to a vein |
| azotemia: | abnormal concentration of nitrogenous wastes in the blood |
| chronic kidney disease: | chronic progressive an dirreversible diseases of the kidneys |
| continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: | method of peritoneal dialysis whereby a patient manually performs four or five complete exchanges or cycles throughout the day |
| continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis: | method of peritoneal dialysisin which a peritoneal dialysis machine (cycler) automatically performs exchanges, usually while the patient sleeps |
| continuous renal replacement therapy: | variety of method sused to replace normal kidney function by circulating the patient’s blood through a filter and returning it to the patient |
| dialysate: | solution that circulates through the dialyzer in hemodialysis and through the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis |
| dialyzer: | “artificial kidney” or dialysis machine; contains a semipermeable membrane through which particles of a certain size can pass |
| diffusion: | movement of solutes (waste products) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| effluent: | term used to describe the drained fluid from a peritoneal dialysis exchange |
| end-stage renal disease: | final stage of renal failure that results in retention of uremic waste products and the need for renal replacement therapies |
| exchange (peritoneal dialysis): | complete cycle of peritoneal dialysis includes fill, dwell, and drain phase |
| glomerulonephritis: | inflammation of the glomerular capillaries |
| hemodialysis: | procedure during which a patient’s blood is circulated through a dialyzer to remove waste products and excess fluid |
| interstitial nephritis: | inflammation within the renal tissue |
| nephrosclerosis: | hardening of the renal arteries |
| nephrotic syndrome: | type of renal failure with increased glomerular permeability and massive proteinuria |
| nephrotoxic: | any substance, medication, or action that destroys kidney tissue |
| osmosis: | movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration |
| peritoneal dialysis: | procedure that uses the lining of the patient’s peritoneal cavity as the semipermeable membrane for exchange of fluid and solutes |
| peritonitis: | inflammation of the peritoneal membrane (lining of the peritoneal cavity) |
| pyelonephritis: | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| ultrafiltration: | process whereby water is removed from the blood by means of a pressure gradient between the patient’s blood and the dialysate |
| uremia: | an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood |
| urinary casts: | proteins secreted by damaged kidney tubules |
| bacteriuria: | more than 105 colonies of bacteria per milliliter of urine |
| cystectomy: | removal of the urinary bladder |
| cystitis: | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
| frequency: | voiding more often than every 3 hours |
| ileal conduit: | transplantation of the ureters to an isolated section of the terminal ileum, with one end of the ureters brought to the abdominal wall |
| interstitial cystitis: | inflammation of the bladder wall that eventually causes disintegration of the lining and loss of bladder elasticity |
| micturition: | voiding or urination |
| neurogenic bladder: | bladder dysfunction that results from a disorder or dysfunction of the nervous system; may resultin either urinary retention or bladder over activity, resultingin urinary urgency and urge incontinence |
| nocturia: | awakening at night to urinate |
| overflow incontinence: | involuntary urine loss associated with over distention of the bladder due to mechanical or anatomic bladder outlet obstruction |
| prostatitis: | inflammation of the prostate gland |
| pyelonephritis: | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| pyuria: | white blood cells in the urine |
| residual urine: | urine that remains in the bladder after voiding |
| suprapubic catheter: | a urinary catheter that is inserted through a supra pubic incision into the bladder |
| ureterosigmoidostomy: | transplantation of the ureters into the sigmoid colon, allowing urine to flow through the colon and out the rectum |
| ureterovesical or vesicoureteral reflux: | backward flow of urine from the bladder into one or both ureters |
| urethritis: | inflammation of the urethra |
| urethrovesical reflux: | backward flow of urine from the urethra into the bladder |
| urinary incontinence: | involuntary or uncontrolled loss of urine from the bladder sufficient to cause a social orhygienic problem |
| urosepsis: | sepsis resulting from infected urine, most often a UTI |
Created by:
jhrobins99
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