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Ch. 22 Study Guide

Biology II

QuestionAnswer
Name the 3 main types of plant cells. Parenchyma cells, Collenchyma cells, and Sclerenchyma cells
Parenchyma cell functions and an example of where these cells are found. storage, photosynthesis, gas exchange, protection, tissue repair and replacement. Found in potatoes.
Collenchyma cell functions and an example of where these cells are found. support for surrounding tissues, provides flexibility for plants, tissue repair and replacement. Found in celery.
Schlerenchyma cell functions and an example of where these cells are found. support and transport materials. Found in pears.
Name the 4 main types of plant tissues. Meristematic tissue, Dermal tissue, Vascular tissue, and Ground tissues.
Describe meristemic tissues. Are regions of rapidly dividing cells. Apical m's are are at the tips of roots and increase in length. Inctercalary m's are found in the stem or leaf and they increase in length. Lateral m's are found in roots and stems and they increase in diameter.
Describe dermal tissues. The skin of the plant in which the outermost layer is epidermis. Cuticle, stomata, trichomes, and root hairs are a part of the dermal tissue.
Describe vascular tissues. Xylem transports water away from the roots. Phloem transports dissolved sugars and other organic compounds through the plant. Also includes vessel element and tracheids.
Describe ground tissues. consist of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells. functions include photosynthesis, storage, and support. Most common type of tissue found in plants.
Describe root functions. take in water and dissolve minerals, anchor the plant, and first appear out of the seed
List the layers of the root from the outside inward. root hairs, root cap, cortex, pericycle, vascular tissue
Describe the functions of stems. provide support, transport water and dissolved substances, can store in water.
Explain herbaceous and woody stems. Herbaceous stem are soft, flexible, green stems. Woody stems have though, pork-like tissues
Describe the functions of leaves. Main function is photosynthesis, flat part of leaf is called a blade, blade is attached to a petiole and that's how it's attached to the stem, water evaporates from the leaf by transpiration
Name the 4 plant hormones. auxin, gibberellins, ethylene, and cytokinins
Describe auxins and how they affect a plant. Auxins stimulate the lengthening of cells, affects the rate of growth in roots, stems, and leaves. Effects: fruits drop from plants when ripe and causes apical dominance which makes the plant grow upward
Describe gibberellins and how they affect a plant. causes cell elongation, stimulates cell division, and affects seed growth. Effects: plant increases in height
Describe ethylene and how they affect a plant. only gas hormone and helps with the ripening of fruits (softer and sweeter)
Describe cytokinins and how they affect a plant. promote cell division by stimulating the production of the proteins needed for mitosis and cytokineses Produced in rapidly dividing cells. When used in combination with auxins provides rapid growth of a plant
Describe a nastic response and give 2 examples. Causes movement independent of the direction of the stimulus. Sunflowers follow the sun during the day. Closing of venus flytrap's leaves
Describe tropic response. A tropism is a plant's growth response to an external stimulus.
Name and describe three tropisms. Phototropism- plant reacts to light, caused by an unequal amount of auxin. Gravitropism- roots grow with gravity so they have a positive gravitopism. Stems grow against gravity, so they have a negative gravitophism
Created by: hannahworrell
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