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Bosch- Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genotype | actual gene combination of an organism |
| phenotype | the physical appearance of an organism |
| genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| alleles | the different forms of a gene |
| traits | a distinguishing quality that can be passed from one generation to another |
| recessive allele | an allele whose trait is masked in the presence of a dominant allele |
| genes | segments of DNA that carry hereditary instructions and are passed from parent to offspring |
| hybrid | an organism with two different alleles for a trait |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| dominant allele | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism |
| mutation | a change in the order of the bases in an organism's DNA |
| pedigree | a diagram of family history used for tracing a trait through several generations |
| genetic engineering | allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another |
| probability | the mathematical chance that an event will occur |
| selective breeding | the breeding of organisms that have a certain desired trait |
| law of independent assortment | each gene pair is inherited independently from the gene pairs for all other traits |
| law of segregation | passing of only one gene for each trait |
| incomplete dominance | when one trait is not completely dominant over another (each allele has its own degree of influence) |
| sex cells | carries half the number of chromosomes found in other body cells |
| offspring | resulting organism |
| self-pollinating plant | has female and male reproductive structure |
| true-breeding plant | all offspring have the same traits as the parent |
| cross pollination | pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovule fo a flower on a different plant |
| homozygous | two dominant or two recessive alleles (genes)- PP or pp |
| heterozygous | one dominant and one recessive allele (Pp) |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure (like a pair of shoes) |
| meiosis | copying process that produces cells with half the usual number of chromosomes. Sex cells are made and each receives one-half of each homologous pair |
| human egg cell has ____ chromosomes | 23 |
| The union of the egg cell and sperm cell produces ___ chromosomes | 46 |
| sex chromosomes | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
Created by:
seagullq
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