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Mod 2B A&P Ch. 12
Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plasma | The liquid part of blood |
| Formed Elements | The cellular part of blood (WBC, RBC and platelets) |
| Acidosis | A condition, an excessive proportion of acid in the blood; abnormally low blood pH. |
| Antigen | Substance that can stimulate the body to make antibodies. |
| Antibody | A substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a specific substance that has entered the body. |
| Agglutinate | Antibodies causing antigens to clump or stick together. |
| Four types of ABO System | A, B, AB, O |
| Universal Donor Blood | Type O blood |
| Universal Recipient Blood | Type AB blood |
| Rh-Positive | Red blood cells that contain an antigen Rh factor |
| Rh-Negative | Red blood cells that do not contain an antigen Rh factor |
| Erythroblastosis | |
| RhoGAM | A protein that stops the mother's body from forming anti-Rh antibodies to prevent harm to an Rh-positive baby. |
| Plasma Proteins | Proteins found in plasma. |
| Albumins | Plasma protein that help retain water in the blood. |
| Globulins | Plasma protein that include antibodies that help protect a person from infections and blood clotting. |
| Serum | Blood plasma minus its clotting factors, still contains antibodies. |
| Three main types of formed elements | Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes |
| Myeloid Tissue | Bone marrow consisting of the developmental and adult stages of red blood cells. |
| Lymphatic Tissue | |
| Bone marrow transplant | Treatment in which healthy blood-forming marrow tissue from a donor is intravenously introduced into a recipient. |
| Red Blood Cells | Erythrocytes, have no nucleus |
| Hemoglobin (Hb) | Iron containing protein in red blood cells. |
| Oxyhemoglobin | Hemoglobin combined with oxygen |
| Carbaminohemoglobin | Hemoglobin combined with carbon dioxide. |
| CBC | A test to measure the amounts or levels of blood constituents. |
| Hematocrit | Volume of RBC's in a blood sample. |
| Buffy Coat | Thin layer of WBC's and platelets located between RBC's and plasma in a centrifuged sample of blood. |
| Polycythemia | Serious blood disorder cht. by increases in RBC. |
| Anemia | Deficient number of RBC's/hemoglobin |
| Hemorrhagic anemia | Decrease in number of circulating RBC's due to hemorrhage or bleeding. |
| Aplastic Anemia | Abnormally low RBC's and destruction of bone marrow. |
| Pernicious Anemia | Dietary deficiency of Vitamin B12. |
| Folate Deficiency Anemia | Decrease in RBC count due to a vitamin deficiency. |
| Iron Deficiency Anemia | Deficiency of iron. |
| Hemolytic Anemias | A group of blood disorders cht. by deficient or abnormal hemoglobin that causes deformation and fragility of RBC. |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | Severe genetic disease caused by abnormal type of hemoglobin |
| Thalassemia | Any group of inherited hemoglobin disorders cht. by production of abnormal RBC's. |
| Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn | Begins during pregnancy if RBC's of a different blood type than the mother cross the placenta and enter the mother's circulation. |
| Erythroblastosis Fetalis | Condition of a fetus caused by the mother's Rh antibodies reacting with the the baby's Rh positive RBC's. |
| White Blood Cells | Leukocytes |
| Leukopenia | Abnormally low WBC count. |
| Leukocytosis | Abnormally high WBC count. |
| Differential WBC | Special type of WBC count in which proportions of each type of WBC are reported as percentages of the total count. |
| Granulocytes | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils |
| Phagocytes | WBC that engulfs microbes and digests them. |
| Neutrophils | Most numerous of the active WBC phagocyte. |
| Eosinophils | Involves protection against infections caused by parasites and parasitic worms, and allergic reactions. |
| Basophils | Secrete histamine, which is released during inflammatory reactions. Also produce heparin |
| Heparin | Helps prevent blood from clotting as it flows through the blood vessels of the body. |
| Agranulocytes | Monocytes, Lymphocytes |
| Monocytes | Largest leukocyte, aggressive, engulf large bacterial organisms and cancerous cells. |
| Lymphocytes | Help protect someone against infections, fuction in the immune mechanism. |
| Lymphoid Neoplasms | Cancer of the lymphoid tissue. |
| Myeloid Neoplasms | Cancer of the myeloid tissue, malignant |
| Multiple Myeloma | Most common, cancer of mature, antibody-secreting B lymphocytes called plasma cells. |
| Leukemia | Blood cancers affecting the WBC's. elevated WBC's occur. |
| Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia | Affects older adults, mostly in men, chronic blood cancer that has a slow onset and progression. |
| Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia | Acute blood cancer, most common in children 3-7 yrs of age, rapid onset and progression |
| Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | Chronic blood cancer, slow onset and progression, most often in adults 25-60 |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Acute blood cancer, most common in adults, rapid onset and progression. |
| Infectious Mononucleosis | Common noncancerous WBC disorder appearing most often in 15-25 years of age. AKA Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) |
| Prothrombin Activator | Combination of clotting factors and circulating plasma proteins that initiates conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the clotting mechanism. |
| Prothrombin | A protein present in normal blood that is required for blood clotting |
| Thrombin | Protein in blood clotting. |
| Fibrinogen | Soluble blood protein that is converted to insoluble fibrin during clotting. |
| Fibrin | Insoluble protein in clotted blood. |
| Thrombus | Stationary blood clot |
| Thrombosis | Formation of a clot in a blood vessel. |
| Embolus | A blood clot that is moving in the blood and may block a blood vessel |
| Embolism | Obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign matter carried in the blood stream. |
| Hemophilia | X-linked, inherited disorder |
| Thrombocytopenia | Common type of blood clotting disorder, results from a decrease in the platelet count; bleeding from many small blood vessels throughout the body. |
Created by:
ROSSMIBOA
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