Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Gene Expression
Gene expression, Interactions and Phenotype Alteration.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Polygenic Inheritance: | This is when one trait or characteristic is affected by more than one gene, I.e Skin Colour, Height or hair colour. |
| Epistasis: | This is when one gene, in a polygenic trait, affects or alters the way another gene is expressed. Usually by the formation or lack of enzymes. Coat pattern in Cats is an example. |
| X Chromosome inactivation: | This is occurs during early embryo development of females (and very rarely in Men with XXY or XO). One X chromosome in each stem cell in a Blastomcyst switches off and forms a mass called a Barr Body. |
| Why can't we always know what an organism will look like just from knowing its alleles? | Mainly because Phenotype is largely affected by Environment, also because of gene interactions altering the way other genes are expressed and how they interact with each other to bring about the phenotype. |
| How do cancers arise: | From the mutation of the DNA of a cell, which alters the Oncogene (which controls the production of Cyclin and Kinases). Also the P53 gene is disabled, leading to promoted cellular growth and division. |
| Name the proteins involved in cell cycle control: | Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) and Cyclin. |
| What are MPFs? | Mitosis (or Maturation) Promoting Factors, these are complexes formed when CDKs and Cyclin bind. |
| Name two genes mutations that occur in the DNA that can lead to cancer: | The mutation of the P53 Gene (Guardian Angel Gene) and Oncogenes which control the production of CDK and Cyclin. |
| Give a few hallmarks of cancer cells? | Promoted Cell growth and uninhibited cell Division, Ability to break off and grow in different parts of the body (metastasis), Ability to promote the growth of Blood Vessels to themselves, Loss of Cell Cycle control and Cell Destruction abilities. |
| What is the protein that controls skin and fur coat colour? | Melanin. |
| Why is human height an example of Continuous variation? | Because it is controlled by many genes which have multiple alleles, which leads to a large amount of variation between people. |
| Discreet Variation: | Discreet values are either 'Yes' or 'No' variations, such as Sex or Blood Group, you are either Male or female, not a mixture between (some genetic mutations can cause confusion though). |
| Continuous variation: | Continuous variables, such as height and weight, are determined strongly by both environment and genetics, they are usually polygenic and have a continuous range of values. Requires large sample sizes to get reliable results. |
| Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA): | This is an enzyme which breaks down Monoamines, such as the monoamine aspect of Serotonin and Dopamine. |
| What affects can a disorder in the production of Monoamine Oxidase A cause? | Parkinsons, Depression, Aggression, ADD etc. These are caused by under or over production of MAOA which affects the neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. |
| Why are men more likely to be affected by MAOA gene Mutations? | The MAOA gene is on the X chromosome and a mutation can cause it become a recessive allele, this means that women would need to have two mutations for it to show its trait where men only need one (Of the XY) chromosomes to become mutated. |
Created by:
mjwilson1988
Popular Biology sets