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29-Development
Development and Inheritance Multiple Choice Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the creation of different types of cells during the processes of development is called | differentiation |
| The gradual modification of anatomical structures and physiological characteristics from fertilization to maturity is called | development |
| Fetal development begins at the start of the | ninth week after fertilization |
| The stage of development that commences at birth and continues to maturity is the | postnatal period |
| Typically, fertilization occurs in the | junction between the ampulla and isthmus of the uterine tube |
| Sterility in males result from a sperm count of less than _____ million sperm/ml of semen | 20 |
| Fertilization is completed with the | formation of a zygote containing 46 chromosomes |
| Alterations in genetic activity during development occur as a result of | differences in the cytoplasmic composition of individual cells |
| As development proceeds, some embryonic cells affect the differentiation patterns of other embryonic cells by | releasing RNAs, polypeptides, and small proteins |
| Organs and organ systems complete most of their development by the end of the | second trimester |
| The most dangerous period in prenatal or postnatal life is the | first trimester |
| The four general processes that occur during the first trimester are | cleavage, implantation, placentation, and embryogenesis |
| Germ-layer formation results from the process of | gastrulation |
| The extraembryonic membranes that develop from the endoderm and mesoderm are | yolk sac and allantois |
| The chorion develops from the | mesoderm and trophoblast |
| Blood flows to and from the placenta via | paired umbilical arteries and a single umbilical vein |
| The hormones produced by the placenta include | human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone, estrogen, progesterone, relxain, and human placental lactogen |
| Throughout embryonic and fetal development, metabolic wastes generated by the fetus are eliminated by transfer to the | maternal circulation |
| The umbilical cord or umbilical stalk contains | the allantois, blood vessels, and yolk stalk |
| During gestation, the mother's lungs deliver extra oxygen and remove excess carbon dioxide generated by the fetus, requiring | increased maternal respiratory rate and tidal volume |
| The thickest portion of the uterine wall that provides much of the force needed to move a fetus out of the uterus and into the vagina is the | myometrium |
| Prostaglandins in the endometrium | stimulate smooth muscle contractions |
| During gestation, the primary major compensatory adjustments are | increased respiratory rate and tidal volume, increased maternal requirements from nutrients, increased glomerular filtration rate |
| The sequential stages of labor are | dilation, expulsion placental |
| When a woman's water breaks, it occurs late in the | dilation stage |
| The sequential stages that identify the features and functions associated with the human experience are | neonatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, maturity |
| The systems that were relatively nonfunctional during the fetus's prenatal period that must become functional at birth are the | respiratory, digestive, excretory |
| The normal chromosome complement of a typical somatic, or body, cell is | 46 |
| Gametes are different from ordinary somatic cells because | they contain only half the normal number of chromosomes |
| During gamete formation, meiosis splits the chromosome pairs, producing | haploid gametes |
| The normal male genotype is _____, and the normal female genotype is _______. | XY; XX |
| If an allele must be present on both the maternal and paternal chromosomes to affect the phenotype, the allele is said to be | recessive |
| WHen dominant alleles ont wo genes interact to produce a phenotype different from that seen when one gene contains recessive alleles, the interaction is called | complementary gene action |
| In the male, the completion of metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II produces | four gametes, each containing 23 chromosomes |
| The primary function of the spermatozoa is to | carry paternal chromosomes to the site of fertilization |
| For a given trait, if the genotype is indicated by AA, the individual is | homozygous dominant |
| For a given trait, if the genotype is indicated by Aa, the individual is | heterozygous |
| For a given trait, if the genotype is indicated by aa, the individual is | homozygous recessive |
| If albinism is a recessive trait and an albino mother and a normal father with the genotype AA have an offspring, the child will | have normal coloration |
| DUring oocyte activation, the process that is important in preventing penetration by more than one sperm is the | process os capacitation |
| The sequential development stages that occur during cleavage are | blastomeres -> morula -> blastocyst -> trophoblast |
| The zygote arrives in the uterine cavity as a | morula |
| During implantation, the inner cell mass of the blastocyst separates from the trophoblast, creating a fluid-filled chamber called the | amniotic cavity |
| The formation of extraembryonic membranes occurs in the correct sequential steps, which are | yolk sac, amnion, allantois, and chorion |
| In the event of "fraternal" or dizygotic twins, | two separate eggs are ovulated and fertilized |
| The enzyme hyaluronidase is necessary to | permit fertilization |
| The important and complex development events that occur during the first trimester are | cleavage, implantation, placentation, and embryogenesis |
| Exchange between the embryonic and maternal circulations occurs by diffusion across the synctial and cellular trophoplast layers via the | chorionic blood vessels |
| Karyotyping is the determination of | an individual's chromosome complement |
| Colostrum, produced and secreted by the mammary glands, contains proteins that help the infant | ward off infections until its own immune system becomes fully functional |
| Implantation begins when the | surface of the blastocyst nearest the inner cell mass makes contact with the uterine lining |
| Embryogenesis is the process that establishes the foundation for | all of the other major organ systems |
| An ectopic pregnancy refers to | implantation occurring somewhere other than the uterus |
Created by:
ariellebtan
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