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Ch 9 Cell Division
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| asexual reproduction | the production of offspring from one parent |
| sexual reproduction | formation of a new individual from the union of two specialized parental cells |
| binary fission | simplest asexual reproduction; parent cell splits in to form two identical daughter cells |
| replication | duplication of a chromosome |
| spores | asexual reproductive cell |
| budding | asexual reproduction; cell divides into two cells of unequal size; the smaller cell pinches off to become a new individual |
| vegetative propagation | asexual reproduction found in plants; offspring separate from the parent plant to become individual plants |
| regeneration | asexual reproduction; a complete animal develops from a body part |
| gametes | sex cells |
| sperm | in sexual reproduction, male sex cell |
| ovum | in sexual reproduction, female sex cell |
| fertilization | process in which a male and female sex cell combine |
| zygote | in sexual reproduction, cell formed when the nuclei of a sperm and ovum fuse |
| mitosis | nuclear division that results in the replication and division of the parent cell into two identical daughter cells |
| somatic cells | any body cell except one that gives rise to gamates |
| interphase | time between the formation of a cell by mitosis and that cell's next mitosis |
| chromatids | strand-like structure that, in pairs, comprises a chromosome during mitosis |
| centromere | point at which two chromatids are joined |
| prophase | first stage of mitosis; chromosomes coil up; centrioles, spindle fibers, and an aster form; and centrioles, if present, move to the opposite ends of the cell |
| cell cycle | four-stage sequence of cell growth and division between the beginning of one mitosis and the beginning of the next |
| cytokinesis | process during which cytoplasm divides |
| aster | spindle fibers that radiate from a centriole during mitosis in animal cells |
| metaphase | second phase of mitosis; during which the chromosomes line up along the cells midplane |
| anaphase | third stage in mitosis, chromatids separate and pull apart |
| telophase | fourth stage in mitosis; a nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes |
| cell plate | in plants, structure formed during cytokinesis; a new cell wall forms on both sides of the cell plate |
| homologous chromosomes | one of two like chromosomes |
| diploid number (2n) | the basic chromosome number; two from each pair of homologous chromosomes |
| haploid number (n) | half the diploid number; one from each pair of homologous chromosomes |
| meiosis | type of nuclear division in which the chromosome number is halved |
| synapsis | in meiosis, process during which the homologous chromosomes come together |
| tetrad | in meiosis, structure formed when homologous pairs of chromosomes line up together |
| first polar body | smaller of the cells resulting from meiosis |
| second polar body | in meiosis II, the smaller of the two cells resulting from the unequal division that occurs in female animals |
Created by:
lisaredmer
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