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Ch. 11
Geology, Minerals, and mining
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| heat- Resistant & conducts electricity -> capacitors (store energy & regulate current) -used in cell phones, computer chips | Tantalum (metal) |
| This plus water= Acid Precipitation | Sulfur Dioxide |
| Element on the left side or center of periodic table | Metal |
| element on the right side of the periodic table | Nonmetal |
| - naturally occurring solid - Definite chemical composition - Characteristic physical properties - Crystalline structure | Mineral |
| - naturally occurring solid - Definite chemical composition - Characteristic physical properties - Crystalline structure | Mineral |
| a mix of one or more minerals, or mineral-like substances | Rock |
| a mix of one or more minerals, or mineral-like substances | Rock |
| Metals are seen as | - malleable, lustrous, conductors - iron aluminum, copper |
| Metals are seen as | - malleable, lustrous, conductors - iron aluminum, copper |
| (METALIC MINERALS) Sulfides contain | sulfur plus a metal (copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, iron, nickel) |
| (METALIC MINERALS) Sulfides contain | sulfur plus a metal (copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, iron, nickel) |
| name some Nonmetallic minerals | - Phosphates, gemstones, salt |
| name some Nonmetallic minerals | - Phosphates, gemstones, salt |
| names some sediments and Rock | Sand, gravel, limestone |
| names some sediments and Rock | Sand, gravel, limestone |
| Rock with large enought concentration of a mineral or element that it can be mined at a profit | ore |
| Rock with large enought concentration of a mineral or element that it can be mined at a profit | ore |
| What are some fossil fuels we also mine for | Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas |
| What are some fossil fuels we also mine for | Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas |
| some locally mined materials | Lead, Silver, zinc |
| some locally mined materials | Lead, Silver, zinc |
| 1. Overburden removed 2. Resource mined 3. Overburden put back "in place" | STRIP MINING |
| cons of strip mining | Acid drainage: sulfuric acid forms and flows into waterways |
| mining through channels beneath the surface | SUBSURFACE MINING |
| used when minerals are evenly distributed over a large area | OPEN PIT MINING |
| open pits for clay, gravel, sand, stone (limestone, granite, marble, slate) | Quarries |
| Miners sift through material in riverbeds | Placer mining |
| Mainly Mainly for coal in the for coal in the Appalachian Mountains | MOUNTAINTOP REMOVAL |
| Are minerals renewable or non renewable? | non-renewable |
| a substance formed by mixing, melting, and fusing minerals (i.e., steel = iron + carbon) | ALLOY |
| removes metal from ore using heat and chemicals | SMELTING |
| ore left after the metal has been extracted | TAILINGS |
| Companies Companies must remove must remove structures, replace overburden, and replant vegetation vegetation after mining | 1977 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act |
| Encourages mining on federal lands - any U.S. citizen can stake a claim on public land for a few dollars per acre - public gets no compensation for any minerals found | General Mining Act of 1872 |
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