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Biology- Ch13Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
heredity The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
variation Differences between members of the same species.
genetics The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
gametes A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. These unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
somatic cell Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors.
locus A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located.
asexual reproduction The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes (by budding, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into two or more parts. Most offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
sexual reproduction A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents via the gametes.
life cycle The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism.
karyotype A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
homologous chromosomes A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centroid position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One is inherited from the organism’s father, one from the mother. (AKA- homologs, or a homologous pair)
sex chromosomes A chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
autosome A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome.
diploid cell A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
haploid cell A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
fertilization The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
alternation of generations A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae.
Meiosis A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.
meiosis I The first division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.
meiosis II The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.
synapsis The pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
crossing over The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
chiasma The X-shaped, microscopically visible region where crossing over has occurred earlier in prophase I between homologous nonsister chromatids. Visible after synapsis ends, with the two homologs remaining associated due to sister chromatid cohesion.
recombinant chromosomes A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into a single chromosome.
Created by: 1440516165
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