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Gullett-Bio-Ch3
Bio-Cell structure and function - ch3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell membrane | a double layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell. |
| cytoplasm | the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus. |
| nucleus | in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. |
| prokaryotic cell | a cell that has no nucleus and has no membrane-bound organelles: examples include bacteria and archaea. |
| eukaryotic cell | a cell that has a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles: examples include plant and animal cells |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains a phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes. |
| ribosome | a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis. |
| mitochondrion | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by tow membranes and that is the site of celluar respiration, which produces ATP |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids. |
| Golgi apparatus | cell organelle that helps make a package materials to be transported out of the cell. |
| lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. |
| cytoskeleton | the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments and tubes that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape,and division. |
| cell wall | a rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells. |
| chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. |
| vacuole | organelle that is used to store materials such as water, food, or enzymes that are needed by the cell. |
| fluid mosaic model | model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane. |
| selectively permeable | condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to pass through the boundary or membrane. |
| receptor | protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance (or membrane) |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a membrane the is permeable for the solvent |
| facilitated diffusion | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
| active transport | the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy |
| endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell. |
| exocytosis | the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the cell membrane to let the substance out |
Created by:
lpgullett
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