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Acid Base General;
acide base in nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pH is based on | amount of hydrogen ions |
| pH normal value | 7.35-7.45 |
| pH of 7.35 is | acidic |
| pH of 7.45 is | basic |
| What are the three mechanisms of pH control? | Acid, bases, and buffers |
| What are some buffers of pH? | bicarbonate, phosphate, hemoglobin, protein |
| carbonic acid:bicarbonate | 1:20 |
| Where does CO2 come from? | carbohydrate breakdown |
| Where does sufiric acid come from? | Protein breakdown |
| Where do fatty acids and ketoacids come from? | incomplete fat breakdown |
| Where does alctic acid come from? | incomplete glucose breakdown |
| Where do free hydrogen ions come from? | Cell destruction containing acids |
| Where do bicarbonates come from? | Ingestion, pancreas, breakdown of carbonic acid |
| What are some cations (positively charged) ions? | Bicarb, chlorine, protein, phophate, sulfate |
| What are some anions (negatively charged) ions? | sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcuim |
| What charge is carbonic acid? | Neutral, yet acidic. |
| What are the most common buffers? | Protein - albumin, globulin, hemoglobin |
| What is the other type of buffer? | Chemical - weak base and acid salt: bicarbonate and phosphate |
| What is carbonic acid made from? | Carbon dioxide and water |
| The respiratory system is the ______ response to pH changes | quicker/faster |
| How does carbonic acid being a volatile acid help the body? | Volatile acids can be excreted by gas. When a nonvolatile acid is present, the excretion of a volatile acid reduces acidity. |
| The kidney defense takes _____ to act, but is _____ than respiratory defense | longer, stronger |
| Why are the kidneys a stronger defense system? | They can release any acid except carbonic acid |
| What does bicarbonate due if hydrogen ions are high in the body? | Reabsorb into circulation to buffer |
| How does the defense of acid formation work? | Phosphate is negatively charged and attracts positive hydrogen ions, then excretes them together in urine. |
| What does ammonia do for defense? | Ammonia (N-H3) from protein breakdown binds to hydrogen and is excreted in urine. |
| What hapens if more ions need to be released in renal tubules? | Ammonia is created to pick up hydrogen ions. |
| Why is ammonia production important in real acid secretion? | Ammonia/ammonium isn't lipid soluble, so it is not reabsorbed into the blood. |
| WHat are lethal pH values? | Below 6.9 Above 7.8 |
| Why does a COPD patient usually have a normal pH value? | The kidneys are used to the increased acidity of the lungs, so they are able to handle the pH imbalance better. |
| Patrial compensation is | when kidneys and lungs are out of order, but pH is normal |
| What is the difference is "-osis" and "-emia"? | "-osis" describes the process of reaching the state or "-emia" |
| Carbon dioxide normal values | 35-45 |
| Bicarbonate normal values | 22-26 |
| Repsiratory acidosis values | pH is dec carbon dioxide is inc bicarbonate is inc |
| Respiratory alkalosis values | pH is inc carbon dioxide is dec carbonic acid is dec |
| Metabolic acidosis values | pH is dec carbon dioxide is dec bicarbonate is dec |
| Metabolic alkalosis values | pH is inc carbon dioxide is inc bicarbonate is inc |
| ROME |
Created by:
kalensnyder
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