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Ch. 6 Mucles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Extensibility | The ability to be stretched. |
| contractibility | The ability of the skeletal muscle to to shorten with force. |
| Elasticity | The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| Excitability | The capacity of the skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue called what? | epimysium |
| Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium. | Fascia |
| A muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called muscle fascia(fasicle, which are surrounded by lose conective tissue. | perimysium |
| The fascia are composed of single muscle cells. | Fibers |
| Each fiber is surrounded by a coccective tissue sheath. | endomysium |
| A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other. | myofibrils |
| Myofibrils consist of 2 kind of protein fibers | actin myofibrils- thin, myosin fibrils-thick |
| Actin and myosin myofibrils form higly ordered units. | Sacromeres |
| The charge difference across the membrane. | resting membrane potential |
| The brief reversal back of the charge. | actin potential |
| The nerve cells that carry action potential to skeletal muscle fibers. | motor neurons |
| Each branch that connects to the muscles that forms near the center of the cell. | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it inneverts. | motor unit |
| The enlarged nerve terminal. | presynaptic terminal |
| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell. | synaptic cleft |
| The muscle fiber in the synaptic cleft. | postsynaptic terminal |
| Each presynaptic termial contains. | synaptic vesticles |
| It diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell. | acetycholine |
| The acetycholinesterase released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and the muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzymes. | atcetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments contraction. | sliding filament mechanism |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | muscle twitch |
| A muscle fiber that will not respond to a stimulus until the stimulus reaches a level. | threshold |
| The point where the muscle fiber contracts maximally. | all-or-none response |
| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated. | recruitment |
| When at rest they can't stock ATP,but when they can store another high energy molecule. | creatine phosphate |
| Without oxygen. | Anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen(more efficient) | Aerobic respiration |
| The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatin phosphate stores in muscle cells. | Oxygen debt |
| Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in muscle cells. | Muscle fatigue |
| Two types of muscle contraction. | isometric,isotonic |
| The length of the muscle does not change,but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process. (equal distance) | isometric |
| The amount of tenstion produced by the muscle is constant during contraction,but the length of the muscle changes.(equal tension) | isotonic |
| Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. Keeps head up and back straight. | Muscle tone |
| Contracts quickly and fitigue quickly. Well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism. | Fast twitch fibers |
| Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. They are better suited for aerobic metabolism. | Slow twitch fibers |
| The most stationary end of the muscle. | Origin |
| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement. | insertion |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion. | belly |
| Muscles that work tos.gether to accomplish specific movement | synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another. | antagonists |
| A muslce that major role in accomplishing the desired movement. | Prime mover |
| Raises the eyebrows. | Occipitofontalis |
| Closes the eyelids. | Orbicularis occuli |
| Puckers the lip. | Orbicularis oris |
| Flattens the cheeks. | Buccinator |
| Smiling | Zygomaticus |
| sneering | Levator labbi superioris |
| Frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| chewing | mastication |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction. | Lag phase |
| The time of contraction. | Contraction phase |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes. | Relaxation phase |
| 2 types of tongue muscles. | extrinsic, intrinsic |
| Moves the tongue. | extrinsic |
| Changes the shape of the tongue. | intrinsic |
| neck muscle | sternoedmastoid |
| Name 2 types of intercostals. | External, Internal |
| Elevates the ribs during inspiration. | External inercostal |
| Contracts during forced expiration. | Internal intercostals |
| Crosses rectus abdominis to produce segmented look. | Tendinous inscriptions |
| Is need for for energy for muslce contraction. | Adenosine triphosphate |
| Chewing muscles | Messeter, Temporalis |
| Bending forward at the hip is an example of what? | Flexion |
| Straightning the knee or elbow is an example of what? | Extension |
| Shaking your head no is an example of what? | Rotation |
| Spreading your toes or finger is an exampe of what? | Abduction |
| A combination of flexion, extension,abduction,and adduction is an example of what? | circumducation |
| Different degrees of shortening. | graded response |
| Graded muscle contractions can be produced in two ways, what are they? | changing the frequecny of a muslce stimulation, changing the number of muscle cells being stimulated. |
| A type of muscle that has no striations and is involuntary. | Smooth muscle |
Created by:
kaitlinhardin
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