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CFS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The brain and spinal cord are lined by the __________ which consists of three layers. | meninges |
| Three layers of meninges are ________, ________, _________. | Dura mater, Arachnoid, Pia mater |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the _____________. | choroid plexuses |
| CSF flows through the __________ located between the arachnoid and pia mater. | subarachnoid space |
| The circulating CSF is reabsorbed back into the blood capillaries in the _____________. | arachnoid granulations |
| The cells of the arachnoid granulations act as one-way vales that respond to _________ within the ____________ and prevent reflux of the fluid. | pressure, central nervous system |
| The choroid plexuses are capillary networks that form the CSF from ______ by mechanisms of selective filtration under _______ pressure and ________ transport secretion. | plasma, hydrostatic, active |
| The tight-fitting structure of the endothelial cells in the choroid plexuses which prevent the passage of many molecules, is termed the ___________. | blood-brain barrier |
| Maintaining the integrity of the _____________ is essential to protect the brain from chemicals and other substances circulating in the blood that could harm the brain tissue. | blood-brain barrier |
| Disruption of the blood-brain barrier by diseases such as _________ and __________ allows leukocytes, proteins and additional chemicals to enter ______. | meningitis, multiple sclerosis, CSF |
| CSF is collected by __________ | lumber puncture |
| The volume of CSF that can be removed is based on ___________ and ___________. | the volume available in the patient, the opening pressure of the CSF taken when the needle first enters the subarachnoid space. |
| Elevated pressure of CSF requires fluid to be withdrawn ______ and may prevent collection of a _____volume | slowly, large |
| Tube 1 of CFS collection is used for | chemical and serologic tests |
| Tube 2 of CFS collection is used for | microbiology laboratory |
| Tube 3 of CFS collection is used for | cell count |
| If CFS tubes are stored, hematology tubes are ________. | refrigerated. |
| If CFS tubes are stored, microbiology tubes are kept _______. | at room temperature. |
| If CFS tubes are stored, chemistry and serology tubes are _________. | frozen |
| What is Xanthochromia? | it is a term used to describe CSF supernatant that is pink, orange, or yellow. |
| What kind of conditions cause clot formation of CSF? | diseases in which damage to the blood-brain barrier such as meningitis, Froin syndrome that allows increased filtration of protein and coagulation factors. |
| A classic web-like pellicle is associated with ________ and can be seen after overnight refrigeration of the fluid. | tubercular meningitis |
| At Microscopic exam, you found macrophages with ingested RBCs (erythrophagocytosis) or hemosiderin granules. What do you suspect? | Cerebral Hemorrhage |
| what is Pleocytosis? | increased number of cells |
| What will you supect: clarity:hazy, WBC: increased (neutrophils), RBC:none, Clucose: decreased, Protein: increased, Lactate: increased, Gram stain: positive(rods or cocci or yeast) | bacterial meningitis |
| What will you suspect: color: colorless to white, Clarity:hazy, WBC:increased (lymphocytes), RBC:none, Glucose normal, Protein: increased, Lactate:normal | Viral meningitis |
| What will you suspect: Color:colorless to white, Clarity:hazy, WBC:increased(lymphocytes and monocytes), RBC:none, Glucose:normal to decreased, Protein:increased, Lactate:increased, India ink: positive | fungal meningitis |
| What kind of protein is only seen in CSF and not in serum? | Tau |
| What is indicative of recent destruction of the myelin sheath? | The presence of myelin basic protein(MBP) |
| What is used to monitor the course of multiple sclerosis? | measurement of the amount of myelin basic protein(MBP) |
| What cells line the central nervous system? | ependymal cells and choroid plexus cells |
| Which cells are normal in CSF? | lymphocytes, monocytes, ependymal cells choroid plexus cells |
| What are normal WBC in the blood? | neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil |
| List 3 conditions that can be diagnosed by analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. | meningitis, multiple sclerosis, subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| What is the significance of zanthochromia? | it is seen with subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| How to calculate CSF/serum albumin index? | CSF albumin/serum albumin |
| What does the CSF/serum albumin index indicate? | it indicates intact blood-brain barrier if it is less than 9 |
| how to calculate CSF IgG index? | (IgG CSF/IgG serum) * (serum albumin/CSF albumin) |
| What does CSF IgG index indicate? | It indicates possible multiple sclerosis or other inflammatory condition in the brain if the index is greater than 0.77. |
| If you find oligoclonal bands in CSF but not in serum. What will you suspect? | multiple sclerosis |
| What the elevated levels of LDF(Lactate Dehydrogenase) in cytoplasm of cells indicates? | malignancy, high cell death rate |
Created by:
hiroko lucky
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