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Ch.12 DNA and RNA

QuestionAnswer
Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria Transformation
Virus that infects bacteria Bacteriophage
Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base Nucleotide
Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine or between guanine and cytosine Base pairing
Consists of DNA tight,y coiled around proteins Chromatin
Protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin Histone
Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA Replication
Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule DNA polymerase
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait Gene
Type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell Messenger RNA
Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes Ribosomal RNA
Type of RNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis Transfer RNA
Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA Transcription
Enzyme that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription RNA polymerase
Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA Promoter
Sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein Intron
Expressed sequence of DNA that codes for a protein Exon
3-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid Codon
Decoding of a messenger RNA message into a polypeptide chain Translation
Group of three bases on a transfer RNA molecule that are complementary to a messenger RNA codon Anticodon
Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information Mutation
Gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides Point mutation
Mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide Frameshift mutation
Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes Polyploidy
Group of genes working together Operon
Region of chromosome in an operon to which the repressor binds when the operon is "turned off" Operator
Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function Differentiation
Series of genes that controls the differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo Hox genes
Created by: Hagi131096
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