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AntiMicrobial Pharm.
Flashcards for 3rd Section of Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prophylaxis | Use of antibiotics to prevent infection rather than treat an infection |
| Empiric | An educated guess; the use of antibiotics to cover a variety of possible organisms or the most likely |
| Pathogen | Organisms that are causing an active infection |
| Normal Flora | Those organisms normally found on the host. Usually considered non-pathogenic |
| Suprainfection | Alterations in normal flora which allow the overgrowth of other organisms |
| Bactericidal | Kills the organism |
| Bacteriostatic | Inhibits the organism’s growth |
| MIC | minimum inhibitory concentration |
| Synergy | use of two antibiotics with different mechanisms of action to achieve better kill or inhibition of the organism |
| Signs and Symptoms that Confirm the Presence of Infection | - fever, chills, sweats, weakness, malaise - sputum production (quantity, consistency, color, odor) - chest x-ray, WBC counts, urine analysis - inflammation (tender, edematous, erythematous), oozing, pus |
| Folate Antagonists (Sulfa Drugs/ Sulfonamides) Mechanism of Selective Toxicity | - Bacterial cells are impermeable to folic acid and must synthesize folic acid to survive - Human cells do not synthesize folic acid. We receive folic acid as a vitamin in our diet |
| Folate Antagnoists (Sulfa Drugs/ Sulfonamides)MOA | Sulfonamides use up much of the enzyme needed to convert PABA to folic acid, thus decreasing folic acid production |
| Sulfonamides are active against | - Proteus mirabilis - Escherichia coli - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) - Pneumocystis Jiroveci (formerly identified as Pneumocystis carinii) |
| Sulfonamides Therapeutic Indications | - Urinary tract infections (Main Use) - Topical for burns and wounds - Some ophthalmic infections - Pneumocystis pneumonia (treatment and prophylaxis) |
| Sulfonamdies Adverse Effects | - Allergic Reactions - rashes, photosensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome - Nephrotoxicity - Crystalluria - adequate hydration - drink lots of water. Contraindicated in renal failure - Kernicterus - displace bilirubin from protein binding sites |
| Sulfonamides Drug Interactions | Warfarin, Phenytoin |
| Trimethoprim - Drug Class | Folate Antagonists |
| Trimethoprim MOA | - Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor - Dihydrofolate reductase converts folic acid to its active form, tetrahydrofolic acid |
| Trimethoprim Pharmacokinetics | Similar to Sulfonamides |
| Trimethoprim Adverse Drug Reactions | Can produce effects of folate deficiency if given in very high doses |
Created by:
KXA
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