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Volcanoes Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Volcano | A week part of the earth's crust where molten rock,magma, reaches the surface |
| Magma/Lava | Magma is molten rock inside the earth while lava is the molten rock that makes it to the earth's surface |
| Ring of Fire | the belt of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean because of plates that are being subducted |
| Volcanic Belts | These chains of volcanoes form along plate boundaries |
| Volcanic Islands | Around the subducting plates beneath the mantle the plate melts and less dense material rises up to form islands (Phillippines, Indonesia, New Zealand, Japan, and Aletians Islands) |
| Volcanoes on Continents | Subduction zones near the edge of continents produce Volcanoes in the Andes Mountains, and the Pacific Northwest |
| Hot Spot | an area where material from deep with-in the mantle rises and melts the crust creating a weak spot where a volcano forms. |
| Magma Physical Property | any characteristic that can be observed or measured |
| Magma Chemical Property | a change in the composition of the material(including a substances ability to burn, react with other substances) |
| Viscosity | is the resistance a liquid has to flowing (less silica low viscosity, more silica high viscosity0 |
| Magma Viscosity | depends on the amount of silica |
| Temperature and viscosity | the higher the temperature the lower the viscosity, the lower the temperature the higher the viscosity |
| Magma chamber | Inside a volcano, a large area that stores magma |
| Crater | A bowel-shaped area that is located at the top of a volcano |
| Quiet eruptions | Characteristics are low viscosity, low silica and low in dissolved gasses |
| Explosive eruptions | Characteristics are high viscosity, high silica and high in dissolved gasses |
| Pyroclastic flow | An explosive eruption that hurls out a mixture of hot gasses, ashes, cinders, and bombs |
| Stages of eruptions | Active, dormant, and extinct |
| Active Volcano | A volcano that is currently erupting or showing signs of erupting in the near future |
| Dormant Volcano | A volcano that scientists believe will erupt again and become active |
| Extinct Volcano | unlikely to erupt again |
| Monitoring Volcanoes | instruments for monitoring are a tiltmeter, a seismograph, GPS, thermometer, and air sampling |
| Shield Volcano | a wide gently sloping volcano gradually built up from lava |
| Cinder Cone | A steep cone shaped mountain built of high viscosity lava (ash, cinders and bobmbs) |
| Composite Volcano | Have both types of eruptions and alternating layers of lava, and ash Cone shaped |
| Lava Plateaus | lava eruptions that form high level areas above the surrounding landscape |
| Caldera | A huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain |
| Volcanic necks | a large formation left from the remains of the volcanic pipe as the softer rock has worn away |
| Dikes | Dikes are layers of rocks that have forced there way across layers of rock |
| Sill | a layer of volcanic rock that has pushed its way between horizontal layers of rock |
| Batholiths | The hardened remains of a magma chamber of a volcano |
| Dome Mountains | an uplift of a mass of volcanic rock (batholith) forming a mountain |
| Geothermal Activity | Geysers, hot springs and hot gases |
Created by:
P-townMr. Green
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