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Chapt 8 Cells/Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ATP | a molecule that stores food energy in usable amounts |
| cellular respiration | process of breaking the chemical bonds of organic food molecules and releasing energy that can be used by the cell |
| photosynthesis | process by which green plants convert the energy from sunlight into chemical energy |
| visible spectrum | array of colors formed when white light passes through a prism |
| photons | unit of light energy |
| pigments | substance that absorbs light |
| chlorophyll | green pigment in plants; necessary for photosynthesis |
| xanthophylls | yellow pigment present in most green plants |
| carotenes | orange pigment present in most green plants |
| grana | tiny, disklike sacs where photosynthesis begins in a chloroplast |
| stroma | fluid-filled space between the grana and the outer membrane of a chloroplast |
| light reactions | in photosynthesis, the first phase, in which light energy is trapped and materials required in the next phase are formed |
| dark reactions | second phase of photosynthesis, in which glucose is formed |
| electron transport chain | series of reactions in which energized electrons move from one molecule to another, each time releasing some energy |
| RDP | a five-carbon sugar; the major compound in the second phase of photosynthesis |
| PGAL | organic compound formed during the second phase of photosynthesis |
| glycolysis | process of breaking a glucose molecule to form two molecules of pyruvic acid; the first step in cellular respiration |
| pyruvic acid | substance formed during the first stage of cellular respiration |
| anaerobic | that which does not require oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | cellular process of breaking down pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen |
| autotrophs | organism that can use inorganic molecules to produce organic food molecules |
| heterotrophs | organism that depends on other organisms for food |
| fermentation | anaerobic process in which pyruvic acid is broken down onto ethyl alcohol or lactic acid |
| anaerobic respiration | process of breaking down glucose to form pyruvic acid, and breaking down pyruvic acid to form ethyl alcohol or lactic acid |
| acetyl CoA | organic substance formed from an acetyl group and coenzyme A during aerobic repiration |
| citric acid | six-carbon molecule formed during aerobic respiration by the transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl CoA to a four carbon molecule |
| Krebs cycle | series of chemical reactions, invoving citric acid, that occur during one stage of aerobic respiration |
Created by:
lisaredmer
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