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KLS Space Topics 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rotation | Earth's spinning motion on its axis; it takes one day or 24 hours |
| Revolution | Earth's motion around the sun in its orbit; it takes about 365 days or one year |
| Cause of day and night | The earth's rotation; when side spins to face away from sun it is night, when side spins to face sun it is day |
| Cause of a year | Earth's revolution around the sun; it is the time that earth takes to revolve around the sun |
| Planets in order by size | Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury |
| Planets by position from sun | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
| Solar System | Collection of planets, moons, asteroids, comets, minor planets and objects that orbit our sun. |
| How do planets form? | Planets form at the same time as the sun from a spinning cloud as particles of dust and gas are pulled together by gravity,collide and stick together to first form planetesimals and then planets |
| Why do planets spin? | Planets spin because the cloud that they were formed in spun. As the cloud that they were formed from got smaller it spun faster. This resulted in rotating planets. |
| Define accretion | the formation of a celestial object by the effect of gravity pulling together surrounding objects and gases |
| inner planets | mercury, venus, earth, mars; smaller and made mostly of rock and metal |
| outer planets | jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune; much larger and made mostly of hydrogen, helium and other gases |
| Terrestrial planets | inner planets |
| Gas giants | outer planets |
| What causes the seasons on earth? | The earth's tilt on its axis and the earth's movement around the sun |
| When the northern end of the earth's axis is tilted toward the sun, what seasons are caused? | Summer in the northern hemisphere; winter in the southern hemisphere |
| When the northern end of the earth's axis is tilted away from the sun, what seasons are caused? | Winter in the northern hemisphere; summer in the southern hemisphere |
| When the northern end of the axis in not tilted toward or away from the sun, what seasons are caused? | spring and fall (autumn) |
| Equator | Imaginary line drawn at the center of the earth where the sun's most direct rays are focused most of the year. |
| Tropic of Cancer | Imaginary line in the northern hemisphere where the sun's most direct rays are focused in summer |
| Tropic of Capricorn | Imaginary line in the southern hemisphere where the sun's most direct rays are focused in summer |
| Arctic Circle | Imaginary line in the northern hemisphere where the sun's most direct rays never focus above |
| Antacrtic Circle | Imaginary line in the southern hemisphere where the sun's most direct rays never focus above |
| solstice | The longest or shortest day in the year that occurs in June or December when the suns most direct rays are focused on one of the tropics. When the rays are on the tropic it is the summer solstice, when they are on the opposite tropic it is winter. |
| equinox | Day when there are equal amounts of sunlight and darkness when the sun's most direct rays are on the equator. It occurs in March and September. |
| Seasons in northern and southern hemisphere are _____. | Opposite |
| Geocentric | Theory that places the earth at the center of the universe and our solar system. |
| Heliocentric | Theory that places the sun at the center of our solar system and the planets revolve around the sun. |
| What is the sun? | The sun is a star. |
| How does the sun "burn" or use energy? | The sun uses hydrogen as energy. It uses hydrogen in the process of fusion where it joins fusion atoms to create helium and large amounts of energy. |
| What are the balancing forces in the sun? | The sun uses fusion at its center to create energy and force the gases outwards. The sun's gravity at its center pulls the suns gases in toward its center. The two forces balance each other out as long as there is enough hydrogen for fusion. |
| Solar wind | The Sun is burning with millions of fusion reactions every second. These reactions superheat the gases surrounding the star and create plasma. This causes the sun to send out very small particles into the Solar System. These are the solar wind. |
| What are the steps in the stellar evolution of our sun? | Star forms from nebula, becomes a main sequence star as it fuses hydrogen, as it runs out of hydrogen it becomes a red giant, as the core collapses, the outer layers are lost and forms a planetary nebula, core of star becomes a white dwarf |
| White dwarf | A star that has exhausted most or all of its nuclear fuel and has collapsed to a very small size and is very dense (heavy) |
| Red giant | towards the end of a star's life, the temperature near the core rises and this causes the size of the star to expand, this is called a red giant |
| Main Sequence Star | 90% of the stars that are in the night sky, stars that have enough hydrogen to fuel their fusion and maintain a stable balance |
| Planetary Nebula | when a star blows off its outer layers after it has run out of fuel to burn and these outer layers of gas expand into space, forming a nebula or cloud which is often the shape of a ring or bubble |
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