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HCTA MedTerm ch13
HCTA MedTerm Ch 13 Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| albumin/o | protein |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| Cyst/o, Vesic/o | Bladder (Sac) |
| dips/o | Thirst |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus (small ball) |
| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | glucose (sugar) |
| ket/o, keton/o | ketone bodies |
| lith/o | stone |
| meat/o | meatus (opening) |
| nephro/o, ren/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | Renal Pelvis "basin" |
| py/o | pus |
| Ureter/o | Ureter |
| Urethr/o | Urethra |
| Ur/o, Urin/o | Urine |
| Nephrologist specializes in? | Kidney & Male Reproductive System |
| Urologist specializes in? | Urologist: Entire Reproductive System (more of a generalist) |
| Term(s) meaning Incision into the Bladder? | vesico/tomy, cysto/tomy |
| What are the synonyms meaning Pain in the Urethra? | Urethralgia = Urethrodynia |
| -osis is suffix meaning? | -osis: An Increase or Condition of... |
| Pyonephritis ? | Pus & Inflammation of the Kidney |
| Pyeloplasty ? | Pyeloplasty: Surgical repair of the renal pelvis |
| Cortex is what part of the kidney? | Cortex: Outter Part of Kidney (Cortex = Bark) |
| Hilum is what area (shape/side) of the Kidney? | Hilum: Indented side of Kidney, Openings where vessels enter/exit |
| Medulla is what part of kidney? | Medulla: Inner part of Kidney |
| Calices, Calyces ? | Calyces (Calix, Calyx): Ducts that Carry Urine from Nephrons to the Renal Pelvis (Kalyx = Cup of a Flower) |
| Nephron is? | Nephron: Functional Unit of the Kidney, forms Urine, 1 million per kidney |
| Glomerulus? | Small ball shaped cluster of capillaries located at top of each nephron, filters blood plasma |
| Bowman's Capsule? | Outter Enclosure that surrounds the glomerulus |
| Renal Tubules? | Sections that form the overal Tubule structure that condenses urine, reabsorbs/excretes H2O, minerals, and sugars |
| Ureter? | Tube that carries urine from kidneys to the bladder |
| renal pelvis ? | basin-like portion of ureter w/in the kidney |
| Ureter? | Ureter: tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder |
| Urethra? | Urethra: single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body |
| Urethral meatus? | opening in the urethra that is on the outside of the body |
| Urea? | Waste formed in Liver, filtered out of blood by kidneys, and excreted in Urine |
| Urine? | Fluid produced by kidneys, contains water and waste products |
| Creatinine? | Waste product of Muscle Metabolism, filtered out by kidneys, excreted in urine |
| -pexy is suffix meaning? | -pexy: surgical fixation/suspension |
| The Outter part of the kidney ? | Cortex is Outter portion of kidney |
| Inner part of kidney? | Medulla is Inner part of kidney (pyramid/middle shape) It is the inner part/section where urine is formed in tubules, which is where the collecting ducts are also located |
| Plural forms for Calix (aka: Calyx)? | Calices (aka: calyces, calyces) is plural for Calix, or calyx |
| The system of ducts where urine collects from nephrons after exiting renal medulla? | Minor Calix, then Major Calix, then Renal pelvis, then Ureter is how urine flows out of kidney |
| albuminuria ? | Presencs of Protein in the Urine (aka: proteinuria) |
| Bacteriuria ? | Presence of Bacteria in Urine |
| Dysuria ? | Painful Urination (dysuria does not mean difficult, it means painful!) |
| Anuria ? | Anuria: absence of Urine Formation |
| Enuria? | Enuria: Involuntary d/c of urine, usually lack of bladder control |
| Nocturnal Enuresis | Nocturnal Enuresis: Bed-Wetting during sleep |
| glucosuria, glycosuria ? | Glucose in the urine |
| hematuria ? | Blood in urine |
| SUI ? | stress urinary incontinence |
| ketonuria? | presence of ketone bodies in the urine |
| nocturia? | Nocturia: Urination at night |
| nocturnal enuresis? | Nocturnal Enuresis: Bed-Wetting while asleep |
| oliguria? | Oliguria: Scanty production of urine |
| polyuria? | Polyuria: Excessive Urination |
| Pyuria? | White Cells in Urine (indicating infection = pus) |
| Urinary Retention? | Urinary Retention: Inability to Void (Urinate) *usually b/c obstruction or spasm |
| APKD ? | APKD: Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (Inherited condition of Multiple cysts in Kidney, common in pts w/HTN, causes tissue distruction & kidney enlargement & freq UTIs, leads to renal failure |
| glomerulo/nephritis ? | form of nephritis involving the glomerulus |
| hydro/nephrosis ? | Condition of Pooling of Urine in dilated areas of renal pelvis & calices of one/both kidneys caused by obstruction |
| nephritis? | inflammation of kidney |
| pyelo/nephr/itis ? | inflammation of renal pelvis |
| pyel/o? | Pyel/o actually refers only to a "Pelvis", so pyelo/nephro.. is actually the renal pelvis |
| nephrosis ? | degenerative dz of renal tubules |
| Nephro/lithi/asis ? | presence of renal stone(s) |
| -osis ? | -osis: Condition or Increase of... |
| -asis ? | -asis: Formation or Presence of... |
| -poiesis ? | -poiesis: Formation of... |
| -ism, -ia ? | -ism: Condition of... |
| -ium ? | -ium: Structure or Tissue... |
| -ac, al, ar, ary, eal, ous, ic, tic ? | Pertaining to... |
| -penia ? | -penia: abnormal reduction... |
| -algia, -dynia ? | -algia, -dynia: Pain |
| dys- | Dys-: Difficult... (also can mean painful or faulty) |
| -iasis ? | -iasis: Formation or Presence of... |
| -ectasis ? | -ectasis: expansion or dilation of... |
| -ptosis ? | -ptosis: Falling, or Downward Displacement... |
| -desis ? | -desis: surgical binding of... |
| -pexy ? | -pexy: surgical fixation/suspension |
| -rrhaphy ? | -rrhaphy: Suture |
| -ectomy ? | -ectomy: excision (removal) |
| -centesis ? | -centesis: puncture for asperation |
| -plasty ? | -plasty: surgical repair/reconstruction |
| -tomy ? | -tomy: incision |
| -stomy ? | -stomy: creation of an opening |
| a-, an- ? | a-, an- : without |
| ecto-, exo-, extra- ? | ecto, exo, extra- : Outside |
| en-, endo-, intra- ? | en, endo, intra- : Within |
| e-, ec-, ex- ? | e-, ec-, ex- : Out or Away |
| con-, syn-, sym- ? | con, syn, sym- : Together or With... |
| de- ? | de- : from, down, not... |
| para- ? | para- : alongside of, or abnormal |
| inter- ? | inter- : between |
| epi- ? | epi-: upon |
| infra- ? | infra, sub-: below or under |
| dia- ? | dia, trans- : across or through |
| meso- ? | meso-: middle |
| peri- ? | peri-, circum-: around |
| oligo- ? | oligo-: few or deficient... |
| dys- ? | dys-: painful, difficult, or faulty |
| cyst/itis ? | inflammation of the bladder |
| Urethr/itis ? | Inflammation of the Urethra |
| Urethro/cyst/itis ? | inflammation of the Urethra and bladder |
| urethral stenosis | narrowed condition of the urethra |
| UTI ? | UTI: Urinary Tract Infection |
| Uremia, or Azotemia ? | Excess Urea and Nitrogenous waste in blood, caused by kidney failure |
| cysto/scopy ? | examination of bladder using cystoscope |
| IVP ? | IVP: Intravenous Pyelogram (Urinary Tract X-Ray w/Iodine injected by IV) |
| IVU ? | IVU: Intravenous Urogram (same as IVP) X-Ray image of uriary tract after iodine injected into bloodstream by IV |
| KUB ? | KUB: Kidney/Ureters/Bladder (abdominal X-Ray scout film, typically used before IVP) |
| Renal Angiogram ? | X-ray image of renal artery after contrast medium into artery (aka: renal arteriogram) |
| RP ? | RP: Retrograde Pyelogram (aka: retrograde urogram) X-ray of bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis (after injection of contrast medium thru sm. catheter passed thru cystoscope |
| VCU or VCUG ? | Voiding Cysto/Ur/ethro/gram |
| UA ? | Urinalysis |
| SpGr ? | Specific Gravity (SpGr) determines concentration/dilution of urine |
| alb ? | alb: albumin (protein) |
| urobilinogen ? | chem test to detect bile pigment in urine (denotes Liver or Gallbladder dz) |
| nitrite ? | chem tests for nitrites in urine determine presence of bacteria |
| C&S ? | Culture & Sensitivity (test organism drug tx's...) |
| BUN ? | BUN: blood, uria, nitrogen tests for level of Urea in blood, indicates if kidney(s) are excreting uria |
| creatinine, serum ? | tests creatinine in blood |
| creatinine, urine ? | tests creatinine in urine |
| creatinine clearance testing ? | measures creatinine "cleared" from blood over 24 hours (voided in urine specimen and compared to amount taken in) |
| Resecto/scope ? | resectoscope: endoscope used to resect (cut & remove) lesions of bladder, urethra, prostate (inserted through urethra) |
| Intra/corporeal Litho/tripsy | Intracorporeal Lithotripsy: endoscopic bladder/urinary tract stone pulverization by electrical energy |
| Nephro/tomy ? | nephro/tomy: Incision into the kidney |
| Nephro/rrhaphy ? | Nephrorrhaphy: Suture of injured kidney |
| Nephro/litho/tomy ? | Nephrolithotomy: Incision into kidney for removal of stone(s) |
| Nephr/ectomy ? | Nephrectomy: removal/excison of kidney |
| Pyelo/plasty ? | Pyelopasty: surgical reconstruction of (renal) pelvis |
| Urinary Diversion ? | Diversion of urinary tract to provide new passage for urine (used to tx defects/dzs such as bladder cancer) |
| Noncontinent ileal conduit ? | removal/use of a section of the ileum (no longer part of intestines) as a conduit for ureter attachment on one end, and other end of ileum tubing is attached thru abdomen (stoma), for external appliance (bag) attachment (Urostomy), Continuously draining |
| Urostomy ? | Urostomy: ileal conduit stomy creation for urination purposes |
| Continent Urostomy | Internal Reservoir constructed from intestine that diverts urine through stoma that is brought thru abdominal wall with a valve created internally to prevent leakage. Pt empties pouch by catheterization, Continent means it hold/retains the urine |
| Ortho/topic Bladder ? | Orthotopic Bladder: Bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing "natural" voiding |
| Neobladder ? | Neobladder is same as Orthotopic Bladder |
| ESWL ? | ESWL: Extracorpreal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (Ultrasound used outside body to bombard and disintegrate a stone w/in, most commonly used to tx urinary stones above the bladder. |
| kidney dialysis, hemodialysis ? | filtering blood impurities out of blood when kidneys are not functioning well... |
| peritoneal dialysis ? | Peritoneal Dialysis: uses Peritoneum as filter, a catheter is inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers ceansing fluid(dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles. |
| Foley Catheter ? | indwelling urethral catheter goes into bladder. |
| straight catheter ? | Used to collect sterile urine specimen, or to relieve urinary retention, immediately removed after proceedure. |
| suprapubic catheter ? | indwelling catheter inserted directly into the bladder thru abdominal incision above the pubic bone, for long term catheterization. |
| analgesic ? | analgesic: drug to relieve pain |
| antispasmodic ? | antispasmodic: drug relieves spasms |
| diuretic ? | diuretic: drug that increases secretion of urine |
| Bx ? | Biopsy |
| hpf ? | hpf: high powered field |
| lpf ? | lpf: Low powered field |
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HCTA
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