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Gas exchange in lung
and lung disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do mammals require a lot of oxygen? | large and have a high temperature |
| What is airs journey? | Nasal cavity trachea bronchi bronchioles aveoli |
| why are aveoli suitable for gas exhange? | large surface area (lots of them) short diffusion pathway (rbc forced against side of caperillies toreduce pathway steep conc gradient (constant breathing and blood flow) |
| Why are bronchi and trachea of similar stucture? | Supported by cartilage made up of cilia and goblet cells (produce mucus which traps dirt) |
| describe inspiration. | diaphram and external interostal muscles ontract. raises ribcage increases hest caity increase of vol decreases decreases air enters until pressure in lungs is equal |
| describe expiration. | diaphram and external intercostal musles relax (internal contact) ribs move inwards back to rest postion increase in pressure gas is forced out |
| pulmonary ventilation (total vol of air that is moved into lungs)= | tidal vol dm^3 (vol of air normally taken in one breath at rest) X ventilation rate min^-1 (no. of breaths taken in one min) |
| What is Fick's law? | diffusion is proportional to surface area X difference in con/ length of diffusion pathway |
| What is the cause of TB? | caused by either Mycobaterium tuberculosis or myobacterium bovis |
| What are the symptoms of TB? | cough, tiredness, loss of appetite leading to wight loss. developing to a fever, coughing up blodd |
| How is TB transmitted? | Spread though droplets in the air. Released whe infected cough, sneeze, laugh or talk. Being in ontat with infeted puts you at risk |
| fibrosis symptoms; shortness of breath chronic, dry cough chest pain weakness an fatigue | -air space in lungs occupied by fibrous tissue,increases diffusion distance, reduction in elasticity makes ventilation hard -tissue creates obstution -pressure of tissue and scarring from laughin -decreased oxygen intake |
| asthma symptoms; breathing difficulties wheesin tight chest coughing | -constriction of bronchioles add. fluid an musus -air passing though bronhi -not vetilating properly -reflex response to constricted brohi |
| emphysema symptoms; shortness of breath chronic cough bluish skin | -loss of elasticcity in lungs difficult to breath smaller surface area means more repi breathing -attemt to remove damaged tissue no cilia -low leels of oxygen |
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