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MD 7 ReproductionDNA

Information from MD 7

QuestionAnswer
Genetics Science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring
Genetic factors General guideline of traits determined by DNA
Environmental factors Nonbiological factors that involve surroundings such as the nature of parents and friends, and behavioral choices
Spiritual factors Factors in a person's life that are determined by the quality of the realtionship w/God
Gene Section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of a protein, thereby causing a trait
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that performs transcription
Anticodon 3-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA
Codon Sequence of 3 nucleotide bases on mRNA that refer to a specific amino acid
Chromosome DNA coiled around and supported by proteins found in the nucleus of the cell
Mitosis Process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
Interphase Time interval between cellular reproduction
Mother cell Cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles
Centromere Region joining two sister chromatids
Karyotype Figure produced when chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged in homologus pairs
Diploid cell Cell w/chromosomes that come in homologous pairs
Haploid cell Cell that has only one represntative of each chromosome pair
Diploid number (2n) Total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell
Haploid number (n) Total number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell
Meiosis Process by which a diploid cell (2n) forms gametes (n)
Gametes Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n)for the purpose of sexual reproduction
Virus Noncellular infectious agent w/ 2 characteristics: (1) Having genetic material (RNA/DNA) inside a protective protein coat (2) Not able to reproduce on its own
Antibody Specialized protein that aids in destroying infectious agents
Vaccine A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies, which can aid in destroying the pathogen
What is Genetic Tendency? DNA's range of possible characteristics
RNA has ... that DNA does not Sugar foundation is Ribose, not Deoxyribose. Structure is single strand, not double strand. Uracil, not thymine. Less stable b/c of ribose+uracil
Describe Transcription A "negative snapshot" of DNA that mRNA takes through codons from nucleus to ribosome
Describe Translation tRNA strands called anticodons carry amino acids to the mRNA and line them up to make a protein
One Complexity of Protein Synthesis Several different codons can call for the same amino acid
Protein synthesis in Eukaryotic cells has Exons (Instructions for protein) as well as Introns (Spacers for the exons)
Condensed Chromosome Happens when a cell wants to reproduce, and is the smallest packages of nuclear DNA
Cell Cycle= Mitosis+Interphase
Cell preparing to reproduce Chromosomes duplicate (making sister chromatids) and Centrioles duplicate. Becomes Mother Cell
Homologous chromosome pairs Are similar but not identical and each member is a homologue
Sex Chromosomes 23rd pair of chromosomes: Female's is X Chromosomes and Male's is Y Chromosome
Sexual Reproduction (on the cellular level) begins with... Meiosis
Differences of Mitosis and Meiosis Mitosis makes a duplicate; Meiosis makes 4 new cells. Meiosis has 2x steps as mitosis
Differences of Mitosis and Meiosis--Anaphase In Mitosis, homologous pairs kept together and duplicates are separated. In Meiosis, duplicates stay together and homologuous pairs are separate
Male Meiosis After telophase II--grow flagella
Female Meiosis 2x (After telophase I and II) one cell takes cytoplasm from other. Results in 3 polar bodies and 1 large gamete
When gametes meet... Haploid cells fuse into diploid cell, called a zygote
Describe the lytic pathway Process by which a virus infects a cell and causes the cell to reproduce so many other viruses that the cell ruptures
Phagocytic cells... ...use phagocytosis to destroy other cells. Ex: some white blood cells, some residing in lymph nodes
Created by: Safire25509
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