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Bush bio ch.7
This is for Biology chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | Basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms |
| Cell Theory | states that organisms are made of one or more cells; cells are the basic unit of life; and all cells come only from other cells. |
| Plasma Membrane | Flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Organelle | Specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation. |
| Eukaryotic Cell | unicellular organism with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells |
| nucleus | the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA |
| Prokaryotic | microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
| Selective Permeability | property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substances into or out of the cell |
| phospholipid bilayer | plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipids molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside |
| transport protein | protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma membrane |
| fluid mosaic model | the plasma membrane with components constantly in motion sliding past one another within the lipid bilayer |
| cytoplasm | semifluid material inside the cell's plasma membrane |
| cytoskeleton | supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm |
| ribosome | simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins |
| Nucleolus | the site of ribosome production in the nucleus |
| endoplasmic reticulum | the highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis |
| golgi apparatus | flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies sorts and packages into vesicles and transports them into other organelles or out of the cell |
| vacuole | membrane bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes |
| lysosome | vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substances |
| centriole | organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules |
| mitochondria | the power house of the cell; membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available for the rest of the cell |
| chloroplast | double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy through photosymthesis. Plants have this for sure. |
| cell wall | the outer membrane of the cell |
| cilium | short, hairlike projection that functions in cell movement |
| flagellum | then long hairlike or whiplike projection the propels a single-celled animal |
| diffusion | net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| dynamic equilibrium | condition of continuous random movement of particles with no overall change in concentration of materials. |
| facilitated diffusion | passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic solution | a solution with the same concentration of water and solutes inside a cell resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water |
| hypotonic solution | a solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside and inside the cell causing water to flow into the cell |
| hypertonic solution | a solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell causing water to leave the cell by osmosis |
| active transport | energy requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient |
| endocytosis | the process through which substances are taken into the cell membrane from the outside of the cell. |
| exocytosis | the process through which a cell secretes materials out of the cell through the plasma membrane. |
Created by:
t9bailey
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