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MendelianInheritance
Chapter 10 - Mendel/Inheritance (Adv. Biology)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the garden pea, ___ are produced in the anther and contain sperm | Pollen grains |
| In the garden pea, ___ are found in the ovary of the flower and contain the eggs. | Ovules |
| Genetic material of all eukaryotic cells | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| The father of genetics | Gregor Mendel |
| Garden pea | Pisum sativum |
| Varieties that produce offspring that look identical to themselves and to the other offspring produced | True-breeding |
| The process of passing on genetic traits from generation to generation | Inheritance |
| As a ___, Mendel recognized that in order for results to be statistically significant, he needed to examine large sampes | Mathematician |
| Theory based on the existence of minute particles we now call genes | Particulate Theory of Inheritance |
| First filial generation | F1 |
| Second filial generation | F2 |
| First generation produced by the parent plants in the cross | F1 |
| Second generation produced by the first offspring produced by the parent plants beginning the cross | F2 |
| Used to determine whether an individual with the dominant traits has two dominant factors for a particular trait or just one | Testcross |
| States each individual has two factors of each trait, factors segregate independently, Each gamete contains only one factor from each set, and fertilization gives each new individual two factors for each trait | Law of segregation |
| Mathematical chart which shows the probability of the results of a trait or multiple traits involved in a genetic cross | Punnett Square |
| Particular pieces of genetic material at particular locations on a chromosome | Gene locus |
| Has the ability to mask the expression of the other allele present in the pair | Dominant allele |
| Is often masked if a dominant allele is present in the pair | Recessive allele |
| Refers to the alleles an individual receives at fertilization | Genotype |
| When an organism has two identical alleles, it is termed ___ | Homozygous |
| When an organism has two different alleles, it is termed ___ | Heterozygous |
| Refers to the physical appearance of the individual | Phenotype |
| Type/expression you are most likely to find in nature | Wild-type |
| Sas that the chance of two (or more) independent events occurring together is the product of their changes of occurring separately. | Law of multiplication |
| States that each pair of factors segregates independently and all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes | Law of independent assortment |
| Both parents are heterozygous for the two traits being crossed | 9:3:3:1 |
| Both parents are heterozygous for the single trait being crossed | 3:1 |
| Contain information for the production of a specific protein | Genes |
| Alternate forms of a gene | Alleles |
| Carry the same alleles in the same order | Homologous chromosomes |
| States that chromosomes are carriers of genetic information | Theory of inheritance |
| Excluding ___, an individuals traits are determined by the alleles that he or she inherits | Environmental influences |
| Genotype LlGg is an example of an individual termed a(n) ___ | Dihybrid |
| The human cell has ___ pairs of homologous chromosomes | Twenty-three |
| In ___, the heterozygote is intermediate between the homozygotes. | Incomplete dominance |
| Since Mendel's time, ___ in the dominant/recessive relationship he described have been discovered/observed | Variations |
| The color of human skin is both ___ and multifactorial. | Polygenic |
| (T/F) All dominant alleles represent the "normal" version of a gene | F |
| (T/F) Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics because was the only scientist at the time working extensively with inheritance | F |
| More than one allele is fully expressed in ___ | Codominance |
| Occurs when a trait is governed by two or more sets of alleles | Polygenic inheritance |
| Traits controlled by polygenes subject to environmental influences are known as ___ | Multifactorial traits |
| Is an example of a trait caused by an "abnormal" dominant allele resulting in the presence of an extra finger or toe | Polydactyly |
| Occurs when a single gene has more than one effect | Pleiotropy |
| Pleiotropy usually leads to a ___, a group of symptoms that appear together and indicate the presence of a particular genetic mutation | Syndrome |
| Caused by a chemical insufficiency in the production of hemoglobin | Porphyria |
| Individuals with ___, exhibit defects in the connective tissue throughout the body. | Marfan syndrome |
| ___ cells determine the sex of offspring. | Sperm |
| Males inherit the ___ which carries the genes connected to "maleness" | Y chromosome |
| Most famous X-linked traits in humans... | Hemophilia A |
| Refers to genes carried on the X chromosome | X-linked |
| (T/F) Females are missing very important genes to overall function because of their lack of the Y chromosome genes | F |
| (T/F) Females exhibit twice the amount of proteins created by the genes on the X chromosome because they have two | F |
| (T/F) The barr body is present only in females, because it's formed by the inactivation of one X chromosome and males cannot survive without their one copy | T |
| Fruit fly | Drosophilia |
| If a functional ___ is present, the individual becomes a male. | SRY region |
| Usually do not exhibit a recessive trait but are capable of passing on a recessive allele for a trait to their offspring | Carrier |
| Alleles that occur on the same chromosome form a ___ because these alleles tend to be inherited together | Linkage group |
| Contain recombined alleles; which are new combinations of alleles on a chromosome produced by crossing over between homologous chromosomes | Recombinant gametes |
| ___ can cause linked alleles to separate and go into different daughter cells, and these become recombinant gametes | Crossing over |
| Homologous chromosomes, paired together, which will often undergo crossing over | Tetrad |
| Discovered by scientists preforming fruit fly crosses | Gene linkage |
| Shows relative distance between the gene loci on a chromosome by using the probability of certain genes being inherited together | Chromosome map |
Created by:
SavannahElkins
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