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Biology
WCHS Biology Chapter 9
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | energy-storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups; energy is stored in the molecule's chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells |
| ADP (adenosine diphosphate) | molecule formed from the breaking off of a phosphate group for ATP; results in a release of energy that is used for biological reactions |
| Photosynthesis | process by which autotrophs, such as algae and plants, trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars |
| Light-dependent reactions | phase of photpsynthesis where light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP; results in the splitting of water and releases of oxygen |
| Light-independent reactions | phase of photosynthesis where energy from light-dependent reactions is used to produce glucose and additional ATP molecules |
| Pigment | molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight |
| Chlorophyll | light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green |
| Electron Transport Chain | series of proteins embedded in a membrane along which energized elcectrons are transported; as electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, energy is released |
| NADP+ | electron carrier molecule; when carrying excited electrons it becomes NADPH |
| Photolysis | reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependent reactions where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons |
| Calvin Cycle | the second phase of photosynthesis does not require light |
| Cellular Respiration | chemical process where mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP; the three stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain |
| Anaerobic | chemical reactions that do not require the presence of oxygen |
| Aerobic | chemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen |
| Glycolysis | in cellular respiration, series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms a net profit of two ATP molecules |
| Citric Acid Cycle | (blank) |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation | (blank) |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | (blank) |
Created by:
dmoudy
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