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3.2 Vocabulary
Terms for chapter three section two: Modern Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carbohydrates | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom. |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1. |
| disaccharide | a double sugar formed by two monosaccharides combined through a condensation reaction. |
| polysaccharide | a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides. |
| proteins | organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. they are formed from the linkage of monomers called amino acids. |
| amino acid | a compound that contains a central carbon atom covalently bonded to four other atoms or functional groups. |
| peptide bond | a bond where two amino acids form a covalent bond. |
| polypeptides | very long chains formed by amino acids. (proteins are often composed of one or more polypeptides). |
| enzymes | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts. |
| substrate | the reactant being catalyzed |
| active site | folds in the enzyme. |
| lipids | large, nonpolar oragnic molecules that don't dissolve in water. (waxy etc,have a higher ratio of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms than carbohydrates.) |
| fatty acid | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids. |
| phospholipids | a lipid that has two, rather than three, fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol. |
| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain. |
| steroid | molecules that are composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them, instead of like most other lipids which are composed of fatty acids. |
| nucleic acids | very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | a molecule that contains informatio that determines the characteristics of an organism and directs it's cell activities. |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | a molecule that stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins. |
Created by:
DouglasI16
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