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AP Bio - Ch 18 Vocab

Mr. Stratton's AP Biology - Mader book

QuestionAnswer
Adaptive Radiation Evolution of several species from a common ancestor into new ecological or geographical zones.
Allopatric Speciation Origin of new species between populations that are separated geographically.
Assortative Mating Mating of individuals with similar phenotypes.
Bottleneck Effect Cause of genetic drift; occurs when a majority of genotypes are prevented from participating in the production of the next generation as a result of a natural disaster or human interference.
Directional Selection Outcome of natural selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored, usually in a changing environment.
Disruptive Selection Outcome of natural selection in which the two extreme phenotypes are favored over the average phenotype, leading to more than one distinct form.
Founder Effect Cause of genetic drift due to colonization by a limited number of individuals who, by chance, have different gene frequencies than the parent population.
Gene Flow Sharing of genes between two populations through interbreeding.
Genetic Pool Total of all the genes of all the individuals in a population.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle Law stating that the gene frequencies in a population remain stable if evolution does not occur due to nonrandom mating, selection, migrating, and genetic drifts.
Macroevolution Large-scale evolutionary change, such as formation of new species.
Microevolution Change in gene frequencies between populations of a species over time.
Natural Selection Mechanism of evolution caused by environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce; results in adaptation to the environment.
Nonrandom Mating Mating among individuals on the basis of their phenotypic similarities or differences, rather than mating on a random basis.
Polymorphic Genes that have more than one wild-type allele.
Population Group of organisms of the same species occupying a certain area amd sharing a common gene pool.
Population Genetics The study of gene frequencies and their changes within a polutation.
Postzygotic Isolating Mechanism Anatomic or physiological differences between two species that prevents successful reproduction after mating has taken place.
Prezygotic Isolating Mechanism Anatomic or behavioral difference between two species that prevents the possibility of mating.
Relative Fitness Reproductive success of a measured by survival, fecundity, or other life-history parameters.
Sexual Selection Changes in males and females, often due to male competition and female selectivity, leading to increased fitness.
Speciation Origin of new species due to the evolutionary process of descent with modification.
Species Group of similarly constructed organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring; organisms that share a common gene pool; the taxon at the lowest level of classification
Stabilizing Selection Outcome of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are eliminated and the average phenotype is conserved.
Sympatric Speciation Origin of new species in populations that overlap geographically
Created by: stratton
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