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AP Bio - Ch 12 Vocab

Mr. Stratton's AP Biology (Mader book)

TermDefinition
Amniocentesis Procedure for removing amniotic fluid surrounding the developing fetus for testing of the fluid or cells within the fluid.
Aneuploid Individual whose chromosome number is not an exact multiple of the haploid number for the species.
Autosome Any chromosome other than the sex-determining pair.
Carrier Heterozygous individual who has no apparent abnormality but can pass on an allele for a recessively inherited genetic disorder.
Chorionic Cilli Sampling Prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi cells is removed for diagnostic purposes.
Chromosomal Mutation Alteration in the chromosome structure or number typical of the species.
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance The idea that chromosomes are the carriers of genes.
Deletion Change in chromosome structure in which the end of a chromosome breaks off or two simultaneous breaks lead to the loss of an internal segment; often causes abnormalities – e.g., cri du chat syndrome.
Duplication Change in chromosome structure in which a particular segment is present more than once in the same chromosome.
Euploidy Cells containing only complete sets of chromosomes.
Gene Linkage Relationship between genes on the same chromosome.
Inversion Change in chromosome structure in which a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180 degrees; this reversed sequence of genes can lead to altered gene activity and abnormalities.
Karyotype Chromosomes arranged by pairs according to their size, shape, and general appearance in mitotic metaphase.
Linkage Group Alleles of different genes that are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.
Linkage Map Depicts the distances between loci as well as the order in which they occur on the organism.
Locus The physical location of a gene within a chromosome.
Monosomy One less chromosome than usual.
Nondisjunction Failure of homologous chromosomes or daughter chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or II, respectively.
Polyploid Having a chromosome number that is a multiple greater than twice that of the monoploid number.
Sex Chromosome Chromosome that the sex of an individual; in humans, females have two X chromosomes, and males have and X and a Y chromosome.Syndrome
Translocation Movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome, leading to abnormalities – e.g., Down syndrome.
Trisomy Having three of a particular type of chromosome.
X – Linked Allele that is located on an X chromosome but may control a trait that has nothing to do with the sexual characteristics of an animal.
Created by: stratton
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