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Biology 3.3

module 3

QuestionAnswer
anterior vena cava The superior vena cava (also known as the precava) is a large diameter, yet short, vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the heart's right atrium.
aorta, pulmonary Major systematic artery that receives blood from the left ventricle of the aorta
arteries Vessel that takes blood away from the heart to arterioles; characteristically possessing thick elastic and muscular walls
atrioventricular valves Valve located between the atrium and the ventricle
chordae tendineae Tough bands of connective tissue that attach the papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves within the heart
coronary arteries Artery that supplies blood to the wall of the heart
coronary veins Any of several veins that drain blood from the heart wall and empty into the coronary sinus
heart Muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity whose rhythmic contractions maintain blood circulation
left atrium the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins
left ventricle the main chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta
posterior vena cava The inferior vena cava (or IVC), also known as the posterior vena cava , is the large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart.
pulmonary trunk the artery that carries venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart and divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins Blood vessel that takes blood to the heart from the lungs
right atrium the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus
right ventricle the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk
semilunar valves Valve resembling a half moon located between the ventricles and their attached vessels
septum A partition separating two chambers, such as that between the nostrils or the chambers of the heart
autonomic nervous system Branch of the peripheral nervous system that has control over the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
AV bundle is a collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction that transmits the electrical impulses from the AV node
AV node (atrioventricular) Small region of neuromuscular tissue that transmits impulses received from the SA node to the ventricular walls
cardiac control center located in the brain, controls the impulses created in the heart by the SA node as well as the impulses in the AV node. It controls systole in the atria and ventricles, and consequently heart rate is heightened/reduced based on the commands it releases
epinephrine Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in times of stress; also called adrenaline
heartbeat A single pulsation of the heart.
medulla oblongata Part of the brain stem that is continuous with the spinal cord; controls heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing, and other vital functions
pacemaker see SA node
Purkinje fibres Specialized muscle fibres that conduct the cardiac impulse from AV bundle into the ventricles
SA node (sinoatrial) Small region of neuromuscular tissue that initiates the heartneat; also called pacemaker
blood pressure measurement The pressure of the blood in the vessels, especially the arteries, as it circulates through the body- arterial blood pressure measured by sphygmomanometer (instrument) )
diastole Relaxation period of a heart chamber during the cardiac cycle
hypertension Elevated blood pressure, particularly the diastolic pressure
hypotension Abnormally low blood pressure.
sphygmomanometer An instrument for measuring blood pressure, typically consisting of an inflatable rubber cuff that is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury next to a graduated scale - systolic and diastolic blood pressure
systole Contraction period of a heart during the cardiac cycle
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