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cardio emergen yo
cardiac emergencies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stable Plaque | Hard thick fibrous cap, less likely to rupture -collateral circulation develops due to this |
| Vulnerable plaque | Soft,lipid rich material,thin cap pf fibrous tissue that seperates from vessel lumen |
| Plaque ruptures due to what? | -force of blood flow -coronary spasm |
| how long does it take for platelets to start adhearing once a rupture occurs | 1-5 seconds |
| Thromboxane | A chemical that causes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction |
| ASA | a glycoprotein inhibitor |
| Fibrin develops how | 1.injury releases clotting factors,2.prothrombin activator,3.calciumcauses it to convert to thrombin,4.thrombin +fibrinogen=fibrin |
| Heparin | inactivates thrombin,no fibrin development |
| Coumadin | interferes with the clotting factors,decreases synthesis of prothrombin |
| VLDL | carries fat(cholesterol) and triglyceides from liver to body= should be <30 mg/dl |
| LDL | 70% of total serum cholesterol (stick easy to vessel walls) should be <160 mg/dl-richest in fat |
| HDL | <60,mostly protein, returns LDL's to the liver for removal |
| Triglycerides | form of fat that comes from food, should be less than 200 mg/dl |
| These organs require high levels of cholesterol to funtion | Brain,liver,kidneys,adrenal glands, myelin sheathe, reproductive organs |
| Vessels commonly affected by athersclerosis | Aorta and its branches,coronary arteries and cerebral arteries,renal arteries and legs |
| Purpose of the endothelium tissue | lines the interior surface of blood vessels,fluid diltration, blood vessel tone and hemeostasis |
| Atherosclerosis effects of blood vessels | 1.vessel elasticity is lost 2.diameter is decreased |
| Cholesterol | soapy, white chemical found in body tissue, made in the liver, produces 1.5-2 grams/day |
| Types of angina | Prinzmetal, stable, unstable |
| What 2 processes cause angina tp develop | 1/Athersclerosis. 2/coronary vasospasm |
| Prinzmental Angina | (vasospastic,atypical, varient) due to vasospasms-at rest,when sleeping or when exposed to cold weather |
| Stable angina | due to stress and physical activity-located substernally/radiating-pain less than 1-5 min,lasts up to 15 min |
| Unstable Angina | occurs at rest, during light exercise-substernally-lasts more than 10 mins |
| Angina develops due to what | the build up of Co2/lactic acid in the ischemic tissue , activating nerve endings causing pain |
| LCA supplies how much blood to the heart | 85% |
| Left coronary occlusion leads to | Anterior,lateral and septal wall MI's |
| Right coronary occlusion leads to | inferior, posterior ,right ventriclular and damage to the conduction system |
| Extent of MI (SUBENDOCARDIAL) | not a full muscle thickness,non patholigical Q wave |
| Extent of MI (TRANSMURAL) | Full thickness infarct,pathological Q wave |
| Death secondary to MI is caused by | 1.Fatal dysrhythmias/sudden death,2.Heart failure-chf.3.Cardiogenic shock 4.Ventricular aneurysm.5,ventricular aneurysm |
| Inferior Wall infart causes what response | PSN response |
| Anterior wall infarct causes what response | SNS response |
| The most common cause of a AMI | Coronary thrombus |
| Where do dyrythmias develop | they develop around ischemic and becrotic tissue |
| What is a warning dysrhythmia | PVC"s |
| GOals of management of MI pt's | -pain relief-repurfusion therapy-rapid, safe transport-thrombolytic therapy-prevent dysrhythmias |
Created by:
rebeccabelleth
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