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5541MS
AppendixA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a-; an-; ana- | no; not; without |
| ab- | away from |
| ante- | before; forward |
| anti- | against |
| auto- | self |
| bi- | two; double; both |
| brady- | slow |
| carcin- | cancerous |
| contra- | against; opposite |
| dys- | difficult; painful |
| ect- | outside; out |
| en- | within; in |
| endo- | within |
| epi- | above; upon |
| ex- | out |
| gynec/o- | woman |
| hemi- | half |
| hyper- | above; excessive |
| hypo- | below; deficient |
| infra- | below; inferior |
| inter- | between |
| intra- | within |
| iso- | same; equal |
| macro- | large |
| mal- | bad; poor; abnormal |
| meta- | change; after; beyond |
| micro- | small |
| multi- | many |
| neo- | new |
| non- | not |
| oligo- | few; less |
| pan- | all |
| para- | near; beside |
| per- | through |
| peri- | around; surrounding |
| poly- | many; excessive |
| post- | after |
| pre- | before; in front of |
| primi- | first |
| retro- | behing; backward; upward |
| semi- | half |
| sub- | below; under |
| super- | above; over; excess |
| supra- | above, on top of |
| sym- | with |
| syn- | together; with |
| trachy- | fast |
| tri- | three |
| uni- | one |
| xero- | dry |
| -ac; -al; -ar; -ary | pertaining to |
| -algia | pain |
| -blast | germ or bud |
| -cele | hernia; herniation |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| -crine | to secrete |
| -crit | to separate |
| -cyte | cell |
| -cytosis | condition of cells |
| -desis | binding together |
| -ectomy | surgical removal; excision |
| -emesis | vomit |
| -emia | blood |
| -genesis; -genic; -gen | origin; producing; forming |
| -globin; -globulin | protein |
| -gram | record |
| -graph | instrument for recording |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -ia; -iac; -ic | pertaining to |
| -iasis | formation or presence of |
| -ism | condition |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -ium | structure or tissue |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -lysis; -lytic | break down |
| -malcia | softening |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -metry | process of measuring |
| -oid | resembling; like |
| -(o)logist | specialist in the study or treatment of |
| -(o)logy | study of |
| -oma | tumor |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -ostomy | creation of an opening |
| -otomy | incision into |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| -pareis | paralysis |
| -pathy | disease |
| -penia | decreased number |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -pexy | suspension or fixation |
| -phagia | eating; swallowing |
| -phobia | abnormal fear |
| -phonia | voice; sound |
| -phoresis | carrying; transmission |
| -phoria | feeling; mental state |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -poiesis | formation |
| -r/rhage; -r/rhagia | bursting forth |
| -rrhea | flow; discharge |
| -rhexis | rupture |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| -scope | instrument for viewing |
| -scopy | process of viewing |
| -somnia; somn/o | sleep |
| -spasm | involuntary contraction or twitch |
| -stasis | control; stop |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| -therapy | treatment |
| -thorax | chest; pleural cavity |
| -tocia; toc/o | labor; birth |
| -tripsy | crushing |
| -trophy | growth; development |
| -tropin | nourish; develop; stimulate |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| aden/o | gland |
| adip/o | fat |
| amnio | amnion |
| andr/o | male; man |
| angi/o | vessel |
| aque/o | watery |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arteriol/o | arteriole |
| arthr/o | joint |
| ather/o | fat; fatty plaque |
| audi/o | hearing; sound |
| aur/o | ear |
| balan/o | glans penis |
| bili | bile; gall |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| bronch/o | bronchus |
| bronchil/o | bronchiole |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| burs/o | joint |
| calc/i | calcium |
| capnia | carbon dioxide |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| cardi/o | heart |
| carp/o | wrist bones |
| cephal/o | head |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum |
| cirrh/o | yellow |
| chol/e | bile; gall bladder |
| cholangi/o | bile duct |
| cholecyst/o | gall bladder |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| coagul/o | clotting |
| cochle/o | cochlea |
| col/o | colon |
| colp/o | vagina (sheath) |
| conjuctiv/o | conjunctive |
| cor/o; coron/o | heart |
| corne/o | cornea |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | cranium; skull |
| cry/o | cold |
| cut/o, cuti, cutane/o | skin |
| cyan/o | blue |
| cyst/o | bladder, sac |
| cyt/o | cell |
| dacry/o | tears |
| dent | tooth |
| derm/o, demat/o | skin |
| dipl/o | two; double |
| dips/o | thirst |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| dur/a | dura mater |
| electr/o | electricity |
| embry/o | embryo |
| encephal/o | brain |
| enter/o | intestines |
| eosin/o; erythr/o | red |
| epididym/o | epididymis |
| episi/o | vulva |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| esthesi/o | sensation |
| fasci/o | fascia |
| femor/o | femur |
| fet/o; fet/i | fetus |
| fibul/o | fibula |
| fund/o | fundus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| glauc/o | silver; gray |
| gli/o | nerve cell |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| gluc/o, glyc/o | glucose; sugar |
| gonad/o | sex glands |
| gravid/a, gravid/o | pregnancy |
| gyn/o, gyn/e, gynec/o | woman |
| hemat/o, hem/o | blood |
| hemangi/o | blood vessel |
| hepat/o | liver |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| hormone/o | hormone; an urging on |
| humer/o | humerus |
| hydr/o | water; fluid |
| hyster/o | uterus |
| ile/o; ili/o | ileum |
| immune/o | protection |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| kal/i | potassium |
| kerat/o | cornea |
| ket/o, keton/o | ketone bdies |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| lacrim/o | tears |
| lact/o | milk |
| lapar/o | abdominal wall |
| laryng/o | larynx |
| ligament/o | ligament |
| lingua | tongue |
| lip/o | fat |
| lith/o | stone |
| lumb/o | lymph |
| mamm/o, mast/o | breast |
| melan/o | black |
| men/o | menses; menstruation |
| mening/o, meningi/o | meninges (membrane) |
| metacarp/o | hand bones |
| metatars/o | foot bones |
| morph/o | form; shape |
| muc/o | mucus |
| my/o | muscle |
| myc/o | fungus |
| myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
| myring/o | eardrum |
| narc/o | sleep |
| nat/o, natal | birth, delivery |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| neur/o | nerve |
| noct/o, nyctal/o | night |
| ocul/o, opthalm/o, opt/o | eye |
| onych/o | nail |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| or/o | mouth |
| orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o | testis; testicle |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bones |
| ot/o | ear |
| ovari/o | ovary |
| oxi | oxygen |
| pachy/o | thick |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| par/o, part/o | bear; labor; childbirth |
| patell/o | kneecap |
| pector/o | chest |
| ped | children |
| pelv/i | pelvis |
| perine/o | perineum |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| phag/o | eat or swallow |
| phalang/o | finger and toe bones |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| phleb/o | vein |
| phot/o | light |
| phren/o | mind or diaphragm |
| pil/o | hair |
| pneum/o | lungs; air |
| pod/o, podi | foot |
| presby/o | old age |
| proct/o | rectum |
| psych/o, psych/i | mind or soul |
| pub/o | pubis, pubic bone |
| pulmon/o | lungs |
| py/o | pus |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| quadr/i | four |
| radi/o | radius |
| rect/o | rectum |
| ren/o | kidney |
| reticul/o | a net |
| retin/o | retina |
| rhabdomy/o | skeletal muscle; striated muscle |
| rheum | watery discharge |
| rhin/o | nose |
| salping/o | eustachian or uterine tube |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| schiz/o | split |
| semin/o | semen |
| septi | bacteria |
| sial/o | saliva |
| sinus/o | sinus |
| somat/o | body |
| sperm/o, spermat/o | sperm |
| spher/o | round |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| spir/o | breathe; breath |
| splen/o | spleen |
| spondyl/o | vertebra; vertebral column |
| steth/o | chest |
| stoma, stomat/o | mouth |
| synovi/o | joint |
| tars/o | ankle bones |
| ten/o; tend/o, tendon/o; tendin/o | tendon |
| test/o, testicul/o | testis; testicle |
| thorac/o | chest |
| thromb/o | clot |
| thyr/o | thyroid gland |
| trache/o | trachea |
| tympan/o | eardrum |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| ur/o | urinary tract |
| vas/o, vascul/o | vessel |
| ven/o | vein |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| akinesia | loss of normal muscle movement |
| cerebrospinal | pertaining to the brain and blood vessels that supply it |
| electroencephalogram | record of the electrical activity of the brain |
| epidural | pertaining to above the dura mater |
| epilepsy | disorder of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures |
| hemiparesis | paralysis of one side of the body |
| hydrocephalus | excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain |
| hyperesthesia | increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch, pain, and other sensory stimuli |
| meningitis | inflammation of the mininges of the brain |
| myelogram | x-ray of the spinal cord and nerve roots |
| neuralgia | nerve pain |
| neurologist | physician who specializes in diseases of the neurological system |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both lower extremities and generally the lower trunk |
| polyneuritis | inflammation of two or more nerves |
| schizophrenia | type of psychosis in which the mind is said to be split from reality |
| angiography | examination of blood vessels via radiographic study |
| anoxia | without oxygen |
| arteriogram | record (x-ray) of an artery |
| arteriosclerosis | thickening, loss of elasticity, and hardening of arterial walls |
| bradycardia | pertaining to a slow heart rate |
| cardiologist | physician who specializes in diseases of the heart |
| cardiomegaly | enlarged heart |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle |
| endarterectomy | surgical removal of the inside of an artery |
| endocardium | membrane lining the cavities of the heart |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| hypoxemia | too little oxygen in the blood |
| myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle |
| myocardium | heart muscle tissue |
| pericardium | lining around the outside of the heart |
| tachycardia | pertaining to a fast heart rate |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| bronchoscopy | process of viewing the bronchi |
| dyspnea | difficult, painful, or faulty breathing |
| hypoxia | condition of deficient oxygen levels |
| laryngoscope | instrument for viewing the larynx |
| laryngospasm | contraction of laryngeal muscles, causing |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx |
| pneumothorax | air or gas in the chest cavity |
| pulmonogist | specialist in diseases of the lungs |
| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose |
| rhinorrhea | discharge from the nose |
| spirometry | measurement of breathing |
| stethoscope | instrument used to listen to lung and heart sounds though the chest wall |
| thoracotomy | incisions to the chest |
| tracheostomy | creation of an opening in the trachea, usually to insert a tube |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| arthroscopy | inflammation of the joints |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa, fluid filled sac around joints |
| chondromalacia | softening of the cartilage |
| craniotomy | surgical incision of the skull |
| electromyogram | record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
| intercostal | pertaining to in between the ribs |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| orthopedic | pertaining to the study of diseases of the skeletal and muscular system |
| orthopedist | specialist in the study of diseases of the skeletal and muscular system |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| patellectomy | surgical removal of the kneecap |
| suprapubic | pertaining to above the pubic bone |
| tendinitis | inflammation of the tendon |
| adenoma | tumor of grandular tissue |
| adrenomegaly | enlargement of the adrenal gland |
| andromorphus | male form or appearance |
| endocrinology | study of the secreting glands that comprise the endocrine system |
| glucogenic | giving rise to or producing glucose |
| hormonal | pertaining to hormones |
| hyperglycemia | too much sugar in the blood |
| hyperthyroidism | condition of too much thyroid hormone |
| hypokalemia | low blood potassium |
| hyposecretion | abnormally decreased secretion |
| ketoacidosis | condition of an increased presence of ketone bodies |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| polydipsia | condition of excessive thirst |
| thymoma | tumor of thymic tissue |
| thyroidectomy | surgical removal of the thyroid gland |
| autoimmune | disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself |
| immunocompromised | condition in which the immune system has been compromised by disease or immunosuppressive agents |
| leukemia | Malignant blood disease marked by abnormal white blood cells |
| Lymphadenopathy | Disease state in which lymph nodes are enlarged |
| Lymphocytopenia | Abnormally reduced number or lymphocytes |
| Lymphoma | Neoplasm of the lymphatic system |
| Macrocytosis | Presence of large red blood cells |
| Mestasis | Spread of cancer cells beyond the original site of the tumor through blood or lymph |
| Pancytopenia | Abnormally reduced number of all types of blood cells |
| Phagocyte | Cell that consumes bacteria, foreign particles, and other cells |
| Septicemia | Bacterial infection of the blood |
| Splenomegaly | Enlarged spleen |
| Thymus | Removal of the thymus gland |
| anemia | blood condition in which theres is a reduction in the reduction in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, ot the volumr of packed red blood cells |
| hematology | medical study of the blood |
| hemocytoblasts | primitive cells in the bone marrow that develop into blood cells |
| hemolysis | breakdown of the red blood cell membrane |
| hematopoiesis | process of formation and development of various types of blood cells |
| leukopenia | too few white blood cells |
| morphology | study of form, including the size and shape of a specimen, such as a blood cell |
| myeloma | tumor of the bone marrow |
| myelocyte | immature blood cell in the bone marrow |
| reticulocyte | immature red blood cells or erythrocytes |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein due to blood clot formation |
| abdominocentesis | puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of abdominal fluid |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder |
| cirrhosis | chronic liver condition that causes yellowing of tissues |
| colonoscopy | process of viewing the colon |
| dyspepsia | condition of indigestion, or of painful digestion |
| dysphagia | pertaining to difficulty in eating or swallowing |
| endoscopic | pertaining to the process of viewing within |
| esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus |
| gastroenterologist | specialist in the study or treatment of the stomach and intestines |
| hematemesis | bloody vomit |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| nasogastric | pertaining to the nose and the stomach |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| sublingual | pertaining to under the tongue |
| bacteriuria | presence of bacteria in the urine |
| cystoscope | type of endoscope that is used to examine the bladder |
| glucosuria | condition of sugar in the urine |
| hydronephrosis | condition of urine pooling in the renal pelvis |
| ketonuria | condition of ketone bodies in the urine |
| lithotripsy | crushing of a stone |
| nephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney |
| nephrosis | abnormal condition of the kidney |
| polyuria | condition in which one urinates excessively |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis area of the kidney |
| ureterolithiasis | condition of having a stone form in the ureter |
| urethralgia | pain in the urethra |
| urologist | physician who specializes in conditions of the urinary system |
| vesicotomy | incision of the bladder |
| blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelid |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva |
| exophthalmia | pertaining to the protuberance of the eye |
| intraocular | pertaining to the inside of the eye |
| keratoplasty | surgical repair or reconstruction of the cornea |
| lacrimation | process of secreting tears |
| opthalmologist | specialist in diseases of the eye |
| optometry | process of measuring the eye |
| photophobia | extreme sensitivity and discomfort to light |
| presbyopia | vision condition of a reduced ability to focus due to old age |
| retinitis | inflammation of the retina |
| audiometry | measurement of hearing |
| myringitis | inflammation of the tympanic membrane |
| otorhinolaryngologist | specialist in diseases of the ear, nose, and throat |
| otalgia | earache |
| otitis | inflammation of the ear |
| otosclerosis | condition of hardening of bone tissue in the ear |
| presbyacusis | hearing loss due to old age |
| salpingitis | inflammation of the Eustachian tube in the ear or the uterine tube |
| tympanometry | process of measuring the compliance and mobility (conductivity) of the tympanic membrane |
| tympanoplasty | surgical repair of the eardrum |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| dermatologist | specialist in the study of diseases of the skin |
| epidermal | pertaining to the skin |
| histology | study of tissues |
| keratosis | condition of thickened epidermis |
| onychomycosis | fungal infection of the nail |
| percutaneous | through the skin |
| sarcoma | tumor of flesh |
| subcutaneous | pertaining to below the skin |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
| anorchism | condition in which on or both testes are absent |
| aspermia | condition in which one is unable to produce or ejaculate sperm |
| colposcope | special kind of scope designed to examine the vagina |
| epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
| episiotomy | incision made in the perineum to facilitate birth |
| gynecologist | physician who specializes in the reproductive system of women |
| hydrocele | hernia of fluid in the testis or tubes leading from the testis |
| hysterectomy | surgical removal of the uterus |
| lactogenic | pertaining to the production of milk |
| mammogram | x-ray of the breast |
| mastodynia | breast pain |
| obstetrics | specialty pertaining to the care and treatment of mother and fetus throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and the immediate postpartum period |
| oligospermia | too few sperm in the semen |
| oophoritis | inflammation of the ovaries |
| orchiopexy | surgical treatment of an undescended testicle by freeing it and implanting it into the scrotum |
| prostatalgia | painful prostate |
| vasectomy | excision part of the vas deferens to produces male sterility |
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