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Chapter 10 bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mendel examined seven characteristics, such as flower color. He crossed plants with two different forms of a character (purple flowers and white flowers). In every case the first generation of offspring (F1) were | all purple flowers. |
| above, if he then randomly mated the offspring of that first cross, or F1 generation, the offspring in the F2 generation were | purple and white flowers. |
| Mendel then studied his results, and proposed a set of hypotheses to explain them. The basis of these hypotheses is that parents transmit | some factor, or information, about traits to their offspring and it may or may not be expressed. |
| A cross between two individuals results in a ratio of 9:3:3:1 for four possible phenotypes. This is an example of a | dihybrid cross. |
| Human height shows a continuous variation from the very short to the very tall. Height is most likely controlled by | multiple genes. |
| In the human ABO blood grouping, the four basic blood types are type A, type B, type AB, and type O. The blood proteins A and B are | codominant traits. |
| What finding finally determined that genes were carried on chromosomes? | sex-linked eye color in fruit flies |
| Nondisjunction | occurs when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis ,may lead to Down syndrome and esults in aneuploidy. |
| If parents are concerned about their risk of producing children with serious genetic defects | genetic screening and prenatal diagnosis is now available. |
| As a result of the experiments performed by Frederick Griffith we found that | hereditary information can be added to cells from other cells. |
| The experiment performed by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase showed that the molecule viruses use to specify new viruses is | DNA. |
| Erwin Chargaff, Rosalind Franklin, Francis Crick, and James Watson all worked on pieces of information relating to | the structure of DNA. |
| All four DNA nucleotides differ in | the type of nitrogen base. |
| Which of the following lists the purine nucleotides? | adenine and guanine |
| If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence ATTGCAT, its complementary strand will have the sequence | TAACGTA. |
| Regarding the duplication of DNA, we now know that each double helix | splits down the middle into two single helices, and each one then acts as a template to build its complement. |
| DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to an existing chain, so ________________ is required. | a primer |
| Genetic messages can be altered in two ways: | by mutation or by recombination |
| Mutations can occur in | germ-line tissues and be passed on to future generations. |
| Which of the following is not a type of RNA? | nRNA (nuclear RNA) |
| Each amino acid in a protein is specified by | a codon |
| The three-nucleotide codon system can be arranged into _______ combinations. | 16 |
| The process of obtaining a copy of the information in a gene as a strand of messenger RNA is called | transcription. |
| The site where RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA molecule to start the formation of an RNA molecule is called a(n) | promoter. |
| The process of taking the information on a strand of messenger RNA and building an amino acid chain that will become all or part of a protein molecule is called | polymerase. |
| If an mRNA codon reads UAC, its complementary anticodon will be | AUG. |
| When an mRNA leaves the cell's nucleus, it next becomes associated with | a ribosome. |
| Regarding the activity level of genes, | some genes are always off unless a repressor is not bound. |
| Which of the following statements is correct about prokaryotic gene expression? | Repressors block transcription by binding to the DNA |
| he total amount of DNA in an organism, including all of its genes and other DNA, is its | genome. |
| A possible reason why humans have such a small number of genes as opposed to what was anticipated by scientists is that | the exons used to make a specific mRNA can be rearranged to form genes for new proteins. |
| A protein that can cut DNA at specific DNA base sequences is called a | restriction enzyme |
| The four steps of a genetic engineering experiment are (in order) | cleaving DNA, producing recombinant DNA, cloning, and screening. |
| Using drugs produced by genetically engineered bacteria allows | the drug to be produced in far larger amounts than in the past. |
| Some of the advantages to using genetically modified organisms in agriculture include | increased yield. |
| Which of the following is not a concern about the use of genetically modified crops? | harm to the crop itself from mutations |
| Genomic imprinting seems to involve | methylation or demethylation of DNA. |
| One of the main biological problems with replacing damaged tissue through the use of embryonic stems cells is | mmunological rejection of the tissue by the patient. |
| In gene therapy, healthy genes are placed into cells with defective genes by using | viruses. |
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