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Micro lecture 18.2
Micro lecture 18 Part B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vibrio characteristics | Facultatively anaerobic, Fermentative, curved rods with 1 polar flagellum; oxidase positive |
| Vibrio found where? | Brackish or marine water. |
| Vibrio transmission to humans | fecal-oral, ingestion of contaminated seafood/water, exposure of open wound/mucosal surfaces to contaminated water |
| V. cholera virulence factors | capsule, LPS, siderophores, pili, cholera toxin. Not invasive. |
| What is the main symptom of cholera? | "rice water stools" |
| V. cholera O1 strains | associated with epidemic cholera; 2 biotypes: classic and El Tor |
| V. parahaemolyticus | food poisoning from shellfish |
| V. vulnificus | causes septicemia from exposure to contaminated water/shellfish |
| Campylobacter characteristics | Small, curved, motile, Gram-negative bacilli, need a microaerophilic environment, very difficult to isolate, usually urease negative. |
| Campylobacter sometimes do ________ sequences if they are near each other. | chaining |
| How does one acquire campylobacter? Symptoms? | fecal-oral or by eating contaminated food (esp. poultry). diarrhea, nausea, GI disturbances, fever. |
| C. jejuni causes | traveler's diarrhea, pseudoappendicitis, acute enteritis |
| C. fetus causes | bacteremia, arthritis, septic abortion, meningitis |
| Helicobacter characteristics | curved, microaerophilic, Gram-negative rods, strong urease activity |
| Helico means what in greek | curved/spiral (from helix) |
| What does Helicobacter cause | gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric cancer |
| Helicobacter virulence determinants | Urease, adhesins, flagella |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Gram-negative, encapsulated, motile rods; obligate aerobe, oxidase positive; oxidases carbs; grows on MAC agar, smells like grape jelly haha |
| What does Pseudomonas cause? | folliculitis, swimmers ear |
| In a nosocomial setting, what does Pseudomonas cause and to whom? | In cancer patients, burn patients, and cystic fibrosis patients it can cause UTIs, respiratory system infections, dermatitis, and a bunch of other infections, esp. in burn/cancer/AIDS victims. blue green pus WHY. |
| Pseudomonas virulence vactors | capsule, fimbriae/pili, endotoxins, pyocyanin (water-soluble blue pigment), Exotoxin A, Exoenzymes S & T, proteases, hemolysins |
| Why is treating Pseudomonas difficult? | has an innate resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents - low permeability, multidrug efflux systems, colonizes as a biofilm |
| Bulkholderia cepacia | nutritionally versatile, Gram-negative, aerobic rod, resistant to many antibiotics, metabolizes lots of substrates, found in soil/moist environments |
| Other Burkholderia spp. | mallei, pseudomallei. the second one is horrendous and needs Level 3 Biosafety precautions |
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