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Respiration in APBio

A.P. Biology

QuestionAnswer
Describe Cellular Respiration Process where aerobic cells produce ATP (energy). It has both aerobic and anaerobic phases. Overall it's an oxidative process. C6H12O6 + O2---->6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
Describe the structure of the ATP molecule and tell us what ATP is. consists of adenosine (adenine nucleotide +ribose) and 3 phosphates. used by cells as an immediate energy source
Discuss Fermentation a catabolic process that produces a small amount of energy in the absence of oxygen. begins w/glycolysis and produces 2 pyruvate and then alcohol or lactic acid. Converts NADH to NAD+ by transferring e- to pyruvate
How many ATP does aerobic respiration produce and where does this process take place 36-38 ATP in the mitochondria
What is ATP synthase? protein complex in the cristae of the mitochondrion. It's responsible for producing ATP as protons (H+) flow down a gradient through the channel from the outer compartment to the inner matrix
Tell me everything you know about the electron transport chain (respiration) energy coupling rxn creates H+ gradient in the membrane needed for chemiosmosis.e- flow down chain from 1 carrier to next in a series of redox rxns.energy released from exergonic flow of e-is used to pump protons across membrane to create proton gradient
Waste product of the ETC is... water. Oxygen id final H+ acceptor in chain forming water. H2 +1/2 O2--> H2O
What is chemiosmosis? process by which ATP is formed in mitochondria as protons flow down a proton gradient through the ATP synthetase complex in the membrane
Summarize the process of glycolysis Occurs in cytoplasm of cell prior to aerobic respiration. Anaerobic breakdown of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate (for Krebs cycle). Yields 4 ATP (net 2 ATP) and 2 NADH
What is substrate level phosphorylation? process that produces a small amount of ATP during glycolysis and Krebs cycle. An enzyme (kinase) transfers a phophate from a substrate to make ATP
What is oxidative phosphorylation? The way most ATP is produced during aerobic respiration-chemiosmosis. Produces it by using energy derived from the redox reactions in ETC.
NAD+ - NADH carries e- to the ETC from glycolysis and Krebs. NAD+ is oxidized, NADH reduced. Each NADH produces 3 ATP during ETC.
FAD- FADH2 FADH2 carries e- to ETC from Krebs cycle, entering at lower energy levels than NADH does. Each FADH2 produces 2 ATP during ETC. FADH2 reduced, FAD oxidized.
Redox Reactions and cell respiration Reduction: gain of e-; gain of hydrogen Oxidation: loss of e-; loss of hydrogen overall, cell respiration is an oxidative process
What are cytochromes? proteins that help make up the ETC. Transports electrons.
Tell me what you know about the Krebs Cycle (Citric acid cycle). part of aerobic respiration. occurs in mitochondrial matrix. raw material is acetyl co-A (coenzyme A combined w/pyruvate). Each turn of cycle produces 3 NADH,1 FADH2 & 1 ATP by substrate level phosphorylation. CO2 is waste product.
What are the parts of the mitochondrion involved in respiration (a picture would be good to find and identify the parts) 1. outer compartment: where ETC pumps protons 2. inner matrix: site of Krebs cycle 3. cristae membrane: site of e- transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthesase complex. It's impermeable to protons (H+) and there are thousands of copies of ETC there
Define endergonic reaction the standard change in free energy is positive,and energy is absorbed.In layman's terms the total amount of energy is a loss(it takes more energy to start the reaction than what you get out of it) so the total energy is a negative net result,photsynthesis
Created by: sallywentzell
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