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MCPHS BIOCHEM LIPIDS
lehninger chapter 10 on lipids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 types of classes of Eicosanoids? | 1.Prostaglandins 2. Thrombaxanes 3. Leukotrienes |
| What are Eicosanoids derived form? | Derived from Arachidonic Acid -a 20 carbon FA molecule |
| Eicosonoids functiono by | working on neighboring cells-near by intercellular signals |
| Phosphatidlyinosital | is an intracellular lipid signal molecule |
| Steroids defined | Long distance intercellular messagers between tissues/more polar than sterols/has two polar groups/still need carrier protein to reach target tissue |
| Steroids are derived | from cholesterol |
| steroid examples | testosterone, estradial, cortisol, aldosterone, prednisolone and prednisone |
| lipds can functionas | storage, structural, or signals |
| lipids as storage molecules | for long term energy fats and oils |
| what part of the fatty acid storage molecule is hydophilic and what part is hydrophopic | has a hydophilic head region and long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain |
| the solubility of naturally occuring fatty acid storage molecules such as fats and oils show what kind of relationship between # of carbons, double bonds and melting point | as the number of Carbons increase the melting point also rises. the more carbons the less soluble it is in water and it goes from ordered to disorder |
| the reason saturated fatty acids are solid at room temp | because no double bonding allows the FA's to line up next to each other |
| we have oils at room temp because | double bonds can't line up next to each other |
| the more double bonds you have the higher or lower the melting temp gets | the lower teh melting temp gets and the harder it is to solidify |
| the difference between mon and poly unsaturated | poly is the pressence of one or more =bond and mono is only one =bond |
| serum albumins | lipid in vetebrate that transport FA's in blood |
| esters | most FA's are derivatized from this |
| adipocytes function in vertebrates as | cells that store large amounts of TAG's |
| what is the function fo Lipase | it is an enzyme that hydrolyzes TAG's to yield FA's so they can be digested |
| what are some advantages of storing energy in TAG vs. polysaccharides | hydrophobic/not hydrated,insulation, energy density is 2x > |
| most natural fatty acids in foods are mixtures of TAG's and FA's of varying length their melting temp are direct function of | their fatty acid compositiono |
| the unsaturated fatty acid part of vegetable oils accounts for ___ state at room temp | liquid |
| the saturated parts of fatty acids ____cease the melting point so butter is a soft solid at room temp | increase |
| liquids oils which are better for you are converted into solid fats industrially by | hydrogenation to reduce double bonds or to convert the bonds into trans double bond |
| triacylglycereols contain | three fatty acid molecules esterified to the three hydroxyl goups of glycerol they serve mainly as storage lipids |
| waxes have _____ MP than that of triacylglycereols so they tend to be solids at room temp | higher |
| waxes are composed of | FA + alcohol+ ester |
| Waxes are hydro philic or phobic which allows it to repell water on plants and flies | hydrophobi |
| what are the two structural membrance lipids to know | dlyerophospholipids and sphingolipids |
| structural memebrane lipids have what two common "hanger molecule | glycerol and sphingosine |
| glycerophospholipids | polar or charge head group and and polar alcohol groups in membrane |
| sphingolipids | polar head group, hydrophobic group in membrane |
| gycosphingolipids | polar part sticks out and functions as blood groups determinent |
| if see picture of 4 fused ring on test know it is a | sterol |
| sterols are structural lipids composed of | polar head, and hydrophobid alkyl side chain making them a amphipathic molecule |
| what is the major sterol in animls | cholesterol |
| does the polar head or the alkly side chain amrk the sterols as different from each other | side group |
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lainylaina
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